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发帖数: 91 | 1 From Wiki百科
Until the beginning of the 20th century, the South China tiger was
distributed in southern China and Hong Kong. The last known contact in Hong
Kong was reported in 1947. In 1959, Mao Zedong, in the time of the Great
Leap Forward, declared the tiger and other predators such as leopards and
wolves to be pests and “enemies of the people”; as a result, several “
anti-pest” campaigns started.[7] The tigers then were considered pests
because they attacked farmers and villagers.[8] Becoming widely persecuted,
their wild population of the South China tiger fell from more than 4,000 to
less than 200 by 1982.[9] The Chinese government then reversed the
classification of the tiger, banning hunting altogether in 1977, but this
seems to have been too late. The South China tiger has not been seen in the
wild for no less than 50 years.[10] Today the estimated population of the
South Chinese subspecies is 20-30 individuals found only in the Chinese
provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang. Tigers still
found in southeast China belong to the Indochinese Tiger subspecies.
华南虎（Panthera tigris amoyensis）体形较小，生活在中国从山东半岛到岭南的广
大地区。由于中国人口稠密，华南虎和人接触比较多，中国历史上描写的虎人斗争的故
事都是说的华南虎。最后一只确认的野生华南虎是在1994年射杀的一只，之后再没有确
凿证据证明野生种群的存在。1950年代以后，在中国共产党的发动下大批群众争先恐后
消灭“瘟神”，国内各老虎分布地均掀起了一场全民打虎运动，结果三千多头华南虎遭
殃。另外，由于虎骨可以入药，不少老虎也因而丧命。事实上，数十年前，在四川等地
都分布着华南虎，但由于过度开垦和狩猎，都消失殆尽，虽然1990年代以来江西、湖南
、福建和贵州都有华南虎踪迹的报道，但缺乏科学的目击证据，有关专家估计野生种群
的数量仅为30－50只。分布在中国各地动物园中饲养的华南虎，大约有60只，皆繁衍自
50年代捕捉的6只华南虎，其基因组合的变化不足以维持此亚种，普遍相信此亚种最后
会灭绝。 |
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