l******u
发帖数: 586 | 1 来上班路上NPR报道说化学奖得主颁给以色列的教授，同时也是Iowa State U的教授。
Iowa出人才！庆祝吧！ | E******y
发帖数: 614 | 2 10-05-11
Dan Shechtman, Nobel laureate. Larger photo. Photo courtesy of The Ames
Laboratory, USDOE.
Contacts:
Dan Shechtman, Materials Science and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, the
Technion -Israel Institute of Technology, 011-972-4-829-4299, dans@ameslab.
gov
Pat Thiel, Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, (515) 294-8985, t***[email protected]
Alex King, Ames Laboratory Director, (515) 294-2770, a******[email protected]
Steve Karsjen, Ames Laboratory, (515) 294-5643, k*****[email protected]
Mike Krapfl, News Service, (515) 294-4917, m*****[email protected]
Iowa State, Ames Laboratory, Technion scientist wins Nobel Prize in
Chemistry
AMES, Iowa - The Nobel Foundation today announced Dan Shechtman of Iowa
State University, the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory and Israel
's Technion has won the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
The foundation announced The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences picked
Shechtman "for the discovery of quasicrystals".
That 1982 discovery of crystalline materials whose atoms didn't line up
periodically like every crystal studied during 70 years of modern
crystallography is regarded as a revolutionary find that changed ideas about
matter and its atomic arrangement.
Shechtman, who goes by "Danny," compared winning the Nobel Prize to carrying
a country's flag at the Olympics. In this case, he's carrying the banner
for an international team of quasicrystal scientists.
"I am the spearhead of the science of quasicrystals, but without the
thousands of enthusiastic scientists around the globe, quasicrystals would
not be what they are today," he said. "Quasicrystals are still an enigma in
many ways, waiting to unfold, and I admire the researchers who over the
years became friends and who for a quarter of a century have elucidated this
science."
Pat Thiel, an Iowa State Distinguished Professor of Chemistry who also
studies quasicrystals - said Shechtman's discovery meant scientific
definitions had to be changed and textbooks rewritten.
"What Danny did was fantastic science," she said. "He instigated a
scientific revolution."
That's not what he set out to do during a sabbatical from the Technion and a
two-year stint in the United States at what's now known as the National
Institute of Standards and Technology.
Shechtman was studying rapidly solidified aluminum alloys with a toolbox
that included transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and
neutron diffraction. The transmission electron microscopy revealed a
structure that science said was impossible: a pattern that when rotated a
full circle repeats itself 10 times.
In his notebook that day, Shechtman wrote "(10 Fold ???)." Later, he found
the pattern was really a five-fold rotation, but that didn't show up in the
first experiments.
"For 70 years until 1982, all crystals studied, hundreds of thousands of
them, were found to be periodic," he said. "Only certain rotational
symmetries are allowed in this periodic array and these are 1,2,3,4,6 and
nothing else. This is why, when I saw the ten-fold rotational symmetry, I
was so surprised."
Shechtman did follow-up experiments to confirm his findings and published
his discovery in 1984. His work was widely questioned.
"For a long time it was me against the world," he said. "I was a subject of
ridicule and lectures about the basics of crystallography. The leader of the
opposition to my findings was the two-time Nobel Laureate Linus Pauling,
the idol of the American Chemical Society and one of the most famous
scientists in the world. For years, till his last day, he fought against
quasi-periodicity in crystals. He was wrong, and after a while, I enjoyed
every moment of this scientific battle, knowing that he was wrong."
Shechtman is an Iowa State professor of materials science and engineering, a
research scientist for the Ames Laboratory and the Philip Tobias Professor
of Materials Science at the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology. He is
currently at the Technion in Haifa, Israel. The 70-year-old scientist
joined Iowa State and the Ames Lab in 2004 and spends about four months a
year in Iowa. He will return to Ames in mid-February.
He continues to study magnesium alloys and other materials that are strong
but can also be stretched or shaped without breaking.
And although the applications of quasicrystals are limited, Shechtman said
they are important for changing a long-held scientific paradigm.
"People should be interested in scientific advances because the body of
knowledge generated by the scientific community improves our lives." he said
. "Go back 100 years and see the difference, including life expectancy and
life quality." | b***n
发帖数: 13455 | 3 Congratulations to all Cyclones!
【在 l******u 的大作中提到】
: 来上班路上NPR报道说化学奖得主颁给以色列的教授，同时也是Iowa State U的教授。
: Iowa出人才！庆祝吧！
| D*****t
发帖数: 1303 | | r*********e
发帖数: 29495 | 5 祝贺祝贺!
gov
【在 E******y 的大作中提到】
: 10-05-11
: Dan Shechtman, Nobel laureate. Larger photo. Photo courtesy of The Ames
: Laboratory, USDOE.
: Contacts:
: Dan Shechtman, Materials Science and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, the
: Technion -Israel Institute of Technology, 011-972-4-829-4299, dans@ameslab.
: gov
: Pat Thiel, Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, (515) 294-8985, t***[email protected]
: Alex King, Ames Laboratory Director, (515) 294-2770, a******[email protected]
: Steve Karsjen, Ames Laboratory, (515) 294-5643, k*****[email protected]
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