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发帖数: 30882 | 1 平井宪夫揭示日本核电业惊天内幕——素人造核电，豆腐渣工程
作者：蜀中行 更新时间：2011-3-16
设施配管1级技士平井宪夫(1997年1月因癌症逝世)生前的最后吶喊。
/来自中华网社区 club.china.com/
/来自中华网社区 club.china.com/
关于平井宪夫：
1997年1月逝世。设施配管1级技士，核电事故调查国民会议顾问，核电劳工救济中
心代表，北陆电力志贺核电厂停止诉讼原告特别辅佐人，东北电力女川核电停止诉讼原
告特别辅佐人，福岛二号核电厂三号机运转停止诉讼原告证人。「核电劳工救济中心代
表」在他仙逝后，因后继无人关闭
"我不是反核运动家。这20年来，我一直在核电厂工作。社会上有听不完的拥核反
核理论，但我只想在这里告诉大家：「所谓的核电厂是这样一回事。」大部份的人都不
知道核电内部的实际情形。希望大家有耐心把这篇文章读完。所谓核电，跟各位所想的
或许有点出入。在那里，每天都有遭受放射线污染的工人，以及严重的岐视产生。
我的专长，是负责大型化学工场的内部配管施工与维修。快30岁时，日本掀起了一
阵核电建设的风潮。核电内部有错综复杂的配管，正好是我发挥专长的大好舞台。因此
我被核电制造商挖角，长期担任工程现场的监督人员，一晃眼就过了20年。
「安全」是纸上谈兵
1995年1月发生阪神大地震。地震隔天我到了神户，看到倾倒的新干线与断裂的高
速公路。不禁发起一阵省思。因为这些公共建设实在与核电厂有太多相似点。大家或许
认为，核电、新干线、高速公路这些攸关人命的建设，平日应该受到政府严格控管。但
是看到倒下的高架支柱，不是混凝土里夹杂着施工初期的定型木片，不然就是焊接处焊
的乱七八糟。为什么会发生这些事呢？这不仅仅是施工单位的不用心，其实问题的本质
，是我们都太过于注重「理论上的安全」了。
「素人造核电」
核电厂里面，铁丝掉进原子炉、工具掉进配管里卡住的人为疏失可说是层出不穷。
为什么会这样？因为工程现场里「有真功夫的师父」实在是太少了。不管核电设计有多
完美，实际施工却无法做到与原设计一模一样。核电的蓝图，总是以技术顶尖的工人为
绝对前提，做出不容一丝差错的完美设计。但却从来没有人讨论过，我们的现场人员到
底有没有这种能耐。
早期的工地，总是会叫经验老道的老师父来做「班长」。他们比那些年轻的监督人
员有经验，并注重名誉，不允许错误发生在自己手上。但现在，老师父已几近雕零。建
设公司在征人广告上以「经验不拘」做为求才条件。这些没经验的素人，不知道核能事
故的可怕，也不知道自己负责的部位有多重要。东京电力的福岛核电，曾因铁丝掉进原
子炉，差点发生席卷世界的重大事故。把铁丝弄掉的工人知道自己犯了错，却完全无法
想像这个错会造成如此可怕的事故。这就是现在核电现场的实际状况。
老师父一个接一个退休了。建商也查觉到这件事。因此把工程图尽量分割简化，做
出连菜鸟也看的懂的制造手册。菜鸟们在现场有如堆积木般地组装各种零件。他们不知
道现在到底在作什么，也不能理解这个部份有什么重要性。这就是核电厂事故频传的原
因之一。
核电厂因为有幅射的危险性，很难在现场培育人材。电厂的作业现场既暗又热，又
必须穿戴防护衣罩，作业员彼此无法直接做语言沟通，这该怎么把技术传给新人呢？更
何况技术越好的师父，就代表他进入高污染区的频率越高。他们很快就会超过规定的放
射能曝晒量，无法再进核电厂作业。所以菜鸟工才会越来越多。
再举配管的焊接师父来说吧！专业的焊接工，通常年过三十后眼睛就会不堪使用，
无法完成一些细腻的工作。所以需要许多细腻作业的石油厂就不会再雇用这些工人。这
些人为了生计，只好去愿意雇用他们的核电厂工作。
大家或许都会错意了。以为核电厂是多么高科技的先端产物。核电不像各位想的这
么高级。这些菜鸟做的核电厂，日后必会为我们带来无穷的灾难。
「徒有虚名的检查官」
好，或许有人会说就算核电真的都是素人盖的，那好好监督它总行了吧。我想跟各
位说明，监督系统才是核电更大的问题。真正的检查，是检查官指出有问题的部分说：
「你这里焊接粘的不好，来，我来教你怎么粘。」这样才叫检查。但检查官通常都没有
真功夫。他们只会读着整理完善的报告书，听着建商的精彩报告，看着漂漂亮亮的场地
，表面没什么大问题就判定合格。这就是核电监督的真相。
以前在外演讲时，曾经有一位技术官员在场告白：「说来很惭愧。我们的部门害怕
去核电检查会遭幅射污染，所以从不派自己人去现场检查。总是找些农业部的职员去监
督。昨天在教人养蚕、养鱼的人，隔天就被派去当核电检查官了。福井县美滨核电厂的
检查总长，在上任之前是个负责检查稻米的。」这些由素人发出运转许可的核电，真的
能信赖吗？
东京电力的福岛核电厂发生紧急炉心冷却系统(ECCS)的重大事故时，负责监督该座
核电的检查总长竟然透过隔天的报纸才知道这件事。这件事还被媒体以「核电重大事故
，检查官被蒙在鼓里」为标题大肆报导。其实也不能怪电力公司。在十万火急的事故现
场，排除事故都来不及了，谁还有空去向一个什么都不懂的三岁小孩说明现在的状况呢
？所以他们不会把检查官放进现场，所以官员永远是状况外。
检查官不说OK，工程就无法进行。他们什么都不懂，只懂的看表面，却又拥有太大
权限。我还在职的时候，就一直呼吁政府必须组织一个完全独立的第三者机关，找些有
真功夫的配管或机械组装的老师父来当检查官，他们一眼就能看穿哪里有焊接不良或偷
工减料。但是讲了再讲，政府的政策却依然没有改变。
「定期保养也是素人」
核能机组每运转一年，就必须停机做定期保养。因为原子炉会产生高达150的气压
，摄氏300度的蒸气及热水，这些热水气会使配管的管壁或汽门严重磨耗。因此必须定
期更换。但这些作业却使工人遭受幅射污染。
核电厂插入燃料棒后，只消运转一次，内部就会充满放射性物质。进入现场时，工
人必须脱掉所有的衣物，换上防护衣才能进场。防护衣的作用并不是保护工人，而是确
保放射线不被带出核电厂。因为测量工人身体幅射剂量的仪器竟是佩戴在防护衣里面，
而不是外面！
包围在重重护具底下的工人们，必须在畏惧辐射污染的高度心理压力下工作。在这
种环境下绝对无法维持好的作业品质。就拿最最基本的锁螺丝来讲；我在作业前一定会
告诫工人：「锁对角才会紧，辐射才不会外泄。」但是他们的工作场域是布满辐射的高
度危险区，进去以后不消几分钟，佩带在身上的辐射测量仪就会发出高分贝的响铃，警
告工人必须立刻退场。在进入现场前，我们虽会告知工人今天这个区域能待几分钟。但
是现场并没有时钟，工人也因为辐射污染问题，无法自行携带手表进去。大家都想在警
铃响起前赶快离开。整个心就挂念着现在到底过了几分钟？警铃是不是要响了？管他什
么螺丝要锁对角，反正有锁上去就好了。人在这种环境下绝对无法精确工作，但你想这
会带来什么后果呢？
「放射能被直接排入大海」
核电的定期保养大都在冬季。保养结束后，几十吨的放射性废水会被直接排入大海
。而在平常运转时，也会有每分钟数十吨单位的大量废热水被排进海洋。但政府或电力
公司却总是满口保证核电绝对安全，久而久之国民也对核电造成的环境影响变的莫不关
心。
工人穿过的防护衣必须用水清洗，这些废水皆全数排入大海。排水口的放射线值高
的不像话，而渔民却在那附近养鱼。如果我们不正视这个问题，放任核电厂越盖越多的
话，后果实在不堪设想。
「体内的幅射污染最可怕」
核岛区内的所有东西都是放射性物质。每个物质都会释放伤害人体的放射能，当然
连灰尘也不例外。如果是身体表面沾上放射性物质，冲洗干净就没事。但如果是经由口
鼻吸入体内的话，将对人体带来数倍的危险性。负责打扫核岛区的清洁工，通常是最高
危险群。
进入体内的放射性物质，通常在3至5天内会随着汗水或小便排出身体。但这些物质
在体内循环的过程会对人体带来打击；更何况它们并不会百分之百排出体外。长年累积
下来的放射能将会带来疾病。
有去参观过核能设施的人，应该都看过核电内部打扫的一尘不染的情形。电力公司
的职员总是得意的说：「核电厂既漂亮又干净！」这是理所当然的事情。放任灰尘飞散
的话可是会扩大幅射污染呀！
我遭受了100次以上的体内幅射污染，最后得了癌症。我曾经畏惧即将到来的死亡
。但我的母亲鼓励我，没有比死更可怕的事情。因此我决定在死前站出来，把我知道的
真相全部公诸于世。
「截然不同的作业环境」
放射能无论有多微量，都会长期累积在人体。但所谓的放射线健康管理，却规定一
年的曝晒量不超过50mSv就好。这是一件相当可怕的事情。因为我们依据这个量除以365
天，算出一天可被曝晒的剂量。按照这个算法，核岛区内的一些高污染区，一天只能进
去5到7分钟。但这么短的时间根本无法完成工作。所以我们会要求工人一口气曝晒三个
礼拜到一个月的量，以顺利完成工作。我们根本没料到这短短的十几二十分，会为我们
带来白血病或癌症等疾病。电力公司完全不告诉我们这些事情。
还记得有一次，运转中的核电机组里有一根螺丝松了。核电运转中排出的辐射量相
当惊人。为了锁这根螺丝，我们准备了三十个人。这三十人在离螺丝七公尺远的地方一
字排开，听到「预备，跑！」的号令后轮番冲上去锁，一到那里只要数三下，计量器的
警铃就会哔哔响起。时间实在太过紧迫，甚至有人冲上去后找不到扳手警铃就响了。这
个螺丝才锁三转，就已经花费了160人次的人力，400万日币的费用。或许有人会觉得奇
怪，为什么不把核电厂停起来修理？因为核电只要停一天就会带来上亿元的损失。电力
公司才不会做这种亏本的事。在企业眼中，金钱比人命重要。
长达五小时的「绝对安全」教育
第一次在核电厂上班的工人，必须接受约五小时的放射线管理课程。这个课程最大
的目的就是解除内心的不安。他们绝不会说核电厂到底有多危险，只会一再强调有政府
严格管理，一切安心这些话。「社会上有一些反核份子很爱说辐射会带来白血病或癌症
等疾病，但那全部都是谎言，那些人都是骗子。你只要遵守政府的规定就不会有问题。
」诸如此类的洗脑教育将持续约五小时。
当然不只限于核电内部，电力公司也常在社区内推广这种「核电绝对安全」的教育
。他们有时邀请有名人来演讲，有时透过料理教室等等的文化活动宣传，有时是把图文
并茂的精美文宣夹报。久而久之人们慢慢就会被洗脑，变成只会担心「没了核电，我们
将无电可用」。
这二十年来，我以现场负责人的身分，为新进员工执行这个更胜于奥姆真理教的洗
脑教育。自己都不知道自己杀了多少人。核电工人总是对核电安全自信满满，就算身体
状况变差，也不认为与核电有关。因为他们从不知道放射能的真正恐怖。每个工人，每
一天都持续遭受辐射污染。而负责人的任务就是隐瞒这些事情，不让本人或外界知道这
些资讯。
我长年从事这种工作，压力日积月累，只能依赖酒精慰藉，而且每晚越喝越凶。我
也常扪心自问，自己到底为了谁，为了什么，每天要过这种充满谎言的日子？一晃眼过
了20年，终于连自己的身体也被辐射侵蚀的破碎不堪。
「核电厂出事时，谁要去救？」
有一次，东京电力的福岛核电厂内，有一名工人不慎割破额头大量失血。因为情况
危急，非马上送医不可。慌忙的电力公司职员立刻叫来救护车，却忘记他刚从高污染区
出来，全身上下都是放射能，连防护衣都没脱。赶来急救的医护人员也缺乏知识，不做
任何清洗就把病人直接送往医院。结果所有接触到他的医生、护士都受到辐射污染，连
救护车、病床等东西也不例外。整个村落差点陷入大恐慌。
大家看到重伤病患时会下意识地去抢救，无色无臭无味的放射能容易被人忽略。光
是一个人就搞的天翻地覆了。如果核电厂发生大事故，大批居民遭到辐射污染时，谁要
去救他们？这绝不是别人家的事，而是全国国民必须共同思考的问题。
「令人震惊的美滨核电厂事故」
核电事故往往被有意无意的忽略。大家都知道三浬岛跟车诺比事件，却不知道日本
一直持续发生重大核安事故。其中我印象最深刻的，是1991年发生在关西电力美滨核电
厂的细管破碎事故。原子炉中含有放射性的冷却水，因为细小的配管破碎而外泄到海里
，只差0.7秒，失去冷却的原子炉就要像车诺比一样暴冲了。幸好值班的是个老经验的
职员，他当机立断，手动开启ECCS(紧急炉心冷却装置)，避免了一场大惨剧。要知道，
ECCS是核电厂的最后一道防线。使用ECCS系统阻挡下来的美滨核电厂事故，可说是一台
载着日本一亿人口的大巴士，在高速公路以一百公里以上的速度狂奔，踩煞车也不灵，
拉手煞车也挡不住，最后撞上悬崖才总算把车子停下来的一场大事故。我只能说日本人
，喔不，是世界上的人们太幸运了。
最后调查时才发现，原来是一组零件在事故发生时未能及时插入机组，导致原子炉
在高温攀升的情形下没有自动停机。这是施工上的失误。但却从来没有人发现，这座已
运转二十年以上的机组拥有这个致命缺失。这也代表当初建设时根本没按照原设计施工
。太长的就切掉，太短的就硬拉，这些设计师意料不到的事情，却在工程现场理所当然
的发生，也导致核电事故层出不穷。
「文殊试验炉的大事故」
使用全钸的高速增殖试验炉─文殊(Monjyu)，在1995年发生液态钠外泄火灾的重大
事故。(译注：高速增殖炉使用钸做为核燃料。钸为核分裂时产生之放射性物质，不存
在于自然界，具猛毒致癌性。其原子分裂时能产生巨大能量，故适用于制作核子弹。普
通的核电厂已纯水做冷却液，但高速增殖炉却必须使用危险性极高的液态钠才能达到冷
却效果。文殊炉在该事故发生后停摆了约15年。虽于2010年成功重启试运转。却在稍后
发生原子炉内上方的巨大零件脱落，直击炉心的事故。因为炉内已受高度辐射污染，取
出该脱落零件可说是难上加难。炉心内部的损伤情形也无法掌握，该炉至今前途未卜。)
这不是该炉第一次发生事故。其实从施工期开始，就一直事故频传。因为所长跟现
场监工、里面的师父都是我以前的手下，发生什么事情都会找我商量。我虽然已经辞职
了，却又害怕核电出事会造成无法弥补的惨剧，结果在施工时期前后跑了六趟文殊炉。
有一次他们打电话来说：「有一根配管无论如何就是装不下去，可不可以请你来看
看。」一去后发现该配管完全符合原设计尺寸，周围的零件也都安装的好好的，却怎么
也装不进去。后来想了一阵子才恍然大悟。文殊炉由日立、东芝、三菱、富士电机等厂
商共同设计，而每家厂商的规格不同。打开设计图后可以发现，日立的设计图把0.5mm
以下的单位无条件舍去，而东芝和三菱却是无条件进入，虽说是小小的0.5mm，几百个
地方加起来却会变成相当大的误差。这就是为什么明明照着图面施工，却怎么也做不好
的道理。最后没办法，只好叫他们全部重做。毕竟这座原子炉背负着日本国的威名，花
点钱是必要的对吧？
这座拼装式的原子炉，会发生事故可说是理所当然。反倒是没出事的话还比较不可
思议。但是政府却一再淡化事故的严重性。甚至把一些事故称为「现象」。有一次发生
事故，电力公司在县议会报告时，又不改陋习地说：「关于这次的现象…」，我气的在
台下对着县议员大喊：「什么现象？这个叫事故！事故！」在这种政府的领导之下，也
难怪国民对核电的危机感越来越低。
「日本的钸变成法国核武？」
尚无能力做核燃料再处理的日本把用毕核燃料送到法国处理，提炼出具高度危险性
的钸。预计在文殊炉使用的钸为1.4吨，而长崎核爆的那颗原子弹却仅含钸8公斤。请各
位想想，文殊的钸能做多少颗原子弹？
大部分的日本人都不知道，1995年，法国把这些来自日本的钸挪用去南太平洋做核
爆试验。也有更多人不知道，再处理费用是法日两国交易额的第二大项目。日本身为世
界上唯一一个遭受核爆侵袭的国家，口口声声高喊反对核武，却允许自国的核废料变成
核武，为大溪地的人民带来辐射灾难。
美、英、德各国都早已因安全考量及经济问题，中止所有的高速增殖炉研究计画。
其中德国更是把已经建设好的原子炉改建成游乐园，为当地带来新气象。世界各国都认
为钸不能拿来发电，却只有日本仍坚持继续开发文殊炉。
为什么日本要这么固执？因为这个国家的政府缺乏中止一项错误政策的勇气。就拿
核能政策全体来说，日本在刚开始发展核电时就一直没有前瞻性的计画，到现在过了几
十年，连废弃物要丢哪都还不知道。而年轻人也渐渐地不再愿意学者核工技术，造成人
材严重断层。
曾任原子力局长的岛村武久，在退休后写了一本名为「原子力讲义」的书说：「日
本政府的核能政策只不过是在自圆其说。其实根本没有电力不足的问题。不敢明言拒绝
美国的日本一口气盖了太多核电厂，搞的自己手上屯积了一堆铀跟钸，不知该如何是好
。世界各国都在怀疑日本是不是想搞核武。政府为了证明自己的清白，只有不得不盖更
多核电厂来消费这些烫手山芋。」这就是日本这个国家真正的面孔。
「无法废炉也无法拆除的核电厂」
日本国内有许多老旧的核电厂，政府却不知道处理方式，只能任由它们继续运转下
去。原来充满放射能的核电不是想关就能关，想拆就能拆。位于神奈川县的武藏工业大
学里面有一座100瓦的原子试验炉。因为老旧不堪，造成辐射外漏而被停用。结果计算
出来的修理费用是20亿日币，废炉则要花上60亿日币，超过大学一整年的预算。现在校
方也只好把它放在那里，等放射能衰退后才能着手整理了。
普通的商业原子炉大都高达100万瓦。真是令人莫可奈何。
「『关闭』，监视、管理」
为什么原子炉无法轻易废炉或拆除？因为核电机组内充满大量的水蒸气及冷却水，
如果停机后放着不管，水气马上会使机件生锈，接着使金属产生破洞，排放出放射能。
核电厂只要插入核燃料棒运转过一次，整座核电厂就会变成一个大型放射性物体。废炉
、拆除，谈何容易？就算是放机器人进去作业，它也会马上因为放射能而短路。
世界上有许多先进国家「关闭」国内核电厂。因为他们无法废炉、拆除。只能「关
闭」。所谓关闭核电厂，就是把发电机关掉，取出核燃料棒。但真正的重头戏从这里开
始。
为了不让机组内部的机件生锈，造成辐射外泄。就算不再发电，也必须把水导入系
统，维持机械运转。当水压造成配管磨损，或者零件毁损时也必须补修，以免辐射外漏
。这些作业必须持续到核电内部的放射能完全衰退为止。
电力公司真的会完善管理这些毫无经济效益的废核电厂吗？他们重来不思考老旧核
电厂的处理方式，只会一昧计画增设新的核电厂。我不得不说这个国家真是疯狂。日本
国内即将到达年限的核电机组有几十座。会为这些核电的去向感到恐惧的，难道只有我
吗？
「无去无从的放射性废弃物」
核电厂运转后，每天都会不断地产生放射性废弃物。这其中有所谓的低阶核废料，
名称虽为低阶，但其中也有待在核废桶旁五小时就有生命危险的剧毒物质。一开始电力
公司还把低阶核废料丢进海底。我在茨城县东海核电厂上班时，那里的业者就是把核废
料桶载上卡车，运到船上，最后丢进千叶外海。我常常想，这些铁桶丢入海里后应该不
到一年就会锈蚀。里面的核废料不知道变怎样了？附近的鱼不知道会变怎样？
现在，日本把低阶核废全部拿去青森县的六所村核燃基地存放。政府预计在那里埋
300万桶核废料，管理300年。但是谁能预料300年后这些铁桶会变怎样？300年后管理这
些废弃物的业者还存在吗？
另外一种是高阶核废料，也就是用过的核燃料棒，经过再处理过程抽取出钸之后剩
余的放射性废弃物。这些高阶核废料(液态)必须与玻璃一起固化，并封闭在坚固的金属
容器里。人类只要站在容器旁两分钟就会死亡。接着必须冷却这些持续散发高热的核废
料30至50年。等温度降低后再把它埋入几百公尺深的地底，存放1万年以上！也难怪世
界各国都找不到高阶核废的最终存放场。
至于核电厂本身，在停机后也将变为一庞大的放射性废弃物。如果想把核电拆除，
就等于将出现高达数万吨的放射性废材。我们连一般的产业废弃物都不知道要丢哪里了
，这些核废料到底该怎么办？
我在北海道演讲时，曾提到核废料必须管理50年，300年等等。那时有一个国中的
小女生举手发言：「你说什么50年，300年这些话。结果做这些事的不是你们这些大人
，全部都要我们，或是我们的孩子、孙子去做！我讨厌这样！」在场的大人，顿时哑口
无言。
「身受辐射污染恐惧与歧视的居民」
「核电厂不会造成任何辐射污染」。这个谎言已经重复了几十年。而如今，越来越
多的证据让核电集团无法再说谎下去。
核电厂的高耸排气管，一天24个小时持续排出放射能气体。周围的居民每天都遭到
辐射污染。
我曾经收过一名23岁女性的来信。她说：「我离开乡下去东京就职。后来遇到好对
象，连婚都订了。他却忽然提说要分手。他说他很喜欢我，也很想跟我在一起。但是他
的父母告诉他，我是在福井县敦贺那边长大，那里有很多核电厂，听说住核电厂附近的
人生小孩容易得白血病，他们怕自己的孙子也这样，所以不准我们结婚。我到底是做了
什么坏事，要受到这样对待呢？
请你想想，如果有一天，你自己的孩子跟核电厂附近的居民谈恋爱，你能衷心地祝
福他们吗？核电厂衍生出来的歧视就在我们周遭。担心核电发生事故是一回事，就算不
出事，这种歧视也会随时蔓延在人们的意识里。所以我厌恶核电，核能破坏的不只是环
境，它连人的心也一起粉碎。」
最后我想说一件令我震惊许久的事情。这是我在北海道的泊核电厂附近的共和町演
讲时发生的事。今天讲的话大家可以通通忘记，但请千万记住接下来我要说的。
那一天的演讲是在晚上举办，会场来了约三百人。有为人父母的，也有学校老师，
连国中、高中生也来了。演讲结束后我请听众发问，这时，有一个国二的女生边流泪边
把手举了起来：
「今天晚上*在这里的大人们，全部都是装着好人面孔的伪善者！我今天会来，就
是要来看看你们这些大人到底长什么嘴脸。特别是会来这种聚会的大人，你们平常最爱
讨论一些农药问题、高尔夫球场问题、核电问题。说什么一切都是为了孩子，说什么你
们努力在搞运动。
我住在核电厂附近的共和町，24小时都受到辐射污染。我看过书上写，核电厂及英
国的核燃料再处理工厂附近的小孩罹患白血病的机率很高。我是个女孩子，长大后想要
结婚生小孩，你们说说，我以后生小孩没问题吗？」她边哭边说，在场的大人却谁也答
不出话。
「你们都说核电厂很可怕，那为什么要等到核电厂都盖好运转了才在这边告诉我们
这些事？为什么当初施工时不去拼命把它挡下来？现在泊电厂的二号机都已经开始运转
了，你们这些大人到底在干什么？就算没电可用，我也讨厌核能发电！」
「我真的不知道你们今天在这里办活动有什么意义？如果我是大人，自己有小孩的
话，我一定拼上这条命也要去把核电厂挡下来。」
「现在二号机也开始运转了，我将遭到双倍的辐射污染，但我不打算逃离自己的故
乡。」
这时我问：「你有跟妈妈或老师讲过你的烦恼吗？」她说：「我妈妈跟老师今天都
在现场，但我没跟她们讲过。班上的女生都在谈这个话题，我们都害怕自己将来结不了
婚，生不了小孩。」
这个问题，绝不仅只发生在政府规定的核灾应变范围五公里、十公里内。离核电厂
50公里、100公里远的地方，有数不清的国高中生们都抱持着类似烦恼。希望各位能意
识到这件事情。
「有核电就无法安心生活」
话说到这里，各位应该对核电厂有了一个新的体认了是吧？
车诺比事故已经是过去的事情。「想要维持都会生活机能，保障能源稳定，虽然有
点危险，但我们需要核电厂。」尤其是住在大城市的人，更容易接受这种想法。
但这种想法是国家及电力公司砸下大笔预算，努力推行「核电是核能的和平利用」
「我们严格控管核电，绝对不会出事情！」「海岛型国家缺乏资源，核能有绝对的必要
性」等等洗脑教育的结果。事情的真相，永远被隐瞒在台面下。
在座的各位都知道，核电厂出事不得了。那是不是不出事就没问题了呢？什么是核
能的和平利用？只要有像我这样罹患癌症的核电工人存在；只要有遭到歧视的周边居民
存在，核电就永远称不上是和平利用。
再请各位想想那些需要看管上万年的核废料。管理核废料也需要电力跟石油。到时
能源的总使用量绝对超出核电所产生的能量。而且负责管理这些东西的不是我们，而是
往后世世代代的子孙。这到底算哪门子的和平利用？
我想请求各位，每天一早起来，仔仔细细地端看自己的孩子或孙子的脸庞。再想想
国家积极发展核电的政策到底有没有问题？特别是位于地震带的日本，不只核电厂事故
，还必须提防大地震带来的影响。再这样下去，早晚会发生无可弥补的悲剧。
因此我坚决反对继续盖新的核电厂。而运转中的核电厂，也必须确实地逐一关闭。
只要有核电存在，真正的和平就不可能降临于世界。请把美丽的地球留给孩子们吧
！"
纽约时报：从1972年以来对东京电力公司（全球最大民营核供应商）核反应堆警告不断
（primary containment vessel 由美国通用1960年代制造）
New York Times
Reactor Design in Japan Has Long Been Questioned
By TOM ZELLER Jr.
Published: March 15, 2011
The warnings were stark and issued repeatedly as far back as 1972: If the
cooling systems ever failed at a Mark 1 nuclear reactor, the primary
containment vessel surrounding the reactor would probably burst as the fuel
rods inside overheated. Dangerous radiation would spew into the environment.
Enlarge This Image
Reuters Tv/Reuters
Video footage captured an explosion at Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi plant.
Related
Green Blog: Questions on the Nuclear Crisis in Japan (March 15, 2011)
Now, with one Mark 1 containment vessel damaged at the embattled Fukushima
Daiichi nuclear plant and other vessels there under severe strain, the
weaknesses of the design — developed in the 1960s by General Electric —
could be contributing to the unfolding catastrophe.
When the ability to cool a reactor is compromised, the containment vessel is
the last line of defense. Typically made of steel and concrete, it is
designed to prevent — for a time — melting fuel rods from spewing
radiation into the environment if cooling efforts completely fail.
In some reactors, known as pressurized water reactors, the system is sealed
inside a thick, steel-and-cement tomb. Most nuclear reactors around the
world are of this type.
But the type of containment vessel and pressure suppression system used in
the failing reactors at Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi plant — and in 23
American reactors at 16 plants — is physically less robust, and it has long
been thought to be more susceptible to failure in an emergency than
competing designs.
G.E. began making the Mark 1 boiling water reactors in the 1960s, marketing
them as cheaper and easier to build — in part because they used a
comparatively smaller and less expensive containment structure.
American regulators began identifying weaknesses very early on.
In 1972, Stephen H. Hanauer, then a safety official with the Atomic Energy
Commission, recommended in a memo that the sort of “pressure-suppression”
system used in G.E.’s Mark 1 plants presented unacceptable safety risks and
that it should be discontinued. Among his concerns were that the smaller
containment design was more susceptible to explosion and rupture from a
buildup in hydrogen — a situation that may have unfolded at the Fukushima
Daiichi plant.
“What are the safety advantages of pressure suppression, apart from the
cost saving?” Mr. Hanauer asked in the 1972 memo. (The regulatory functions
of the Atomic Energy Commission were later transferred to the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission.)
A written response came later that same year from Joseph Hendrie, who would
later become chairman of the N.R.C. He called the idea of a ban on such
systems “attractive” because alternative containment systems have the “
notable advantage of brute simplicity in dealing with a primary blowdown.”
But he added that the technology had been so widely accepted by the industry
and regulatory officials that “reversal of this hallowed policy,
particularly at this time, could well be the end of nuclear power.”
In an e-mail on Tuesday, David Lochbaum, director of the Nuclear Safety
Program at the Union for Concerned Scientists, said those words seemed
ironic now, given the potential global ripples on the nuclear industry from
the Japanese accident.
“Not banning them might be the end of nuclear power,” said Mr. Lochbaum, a
nuclear engineer who spent 17 years working in nuclear facilities,
including three that used the G.E. design.
Questions about the G.E. reactor design escalated in the mid-1980s, when
Harold Denton, an official with the N.R.C., asserted that Mark 1 reactors
had a 90 percent probability of bursting should the fuel rods overheat and
melt in an accident. A follow-up report from a study group convened by the
commission concluded that “Mark 1 failure within the first few hours
following core melt would appear rather likely.”
In an extreme accident, that analysis held, the containment could fail in as
little as 40 minutes.
Industry officials disputed that assessment, saying the chance of failure
was only about 10 percent.
Michael Tetuan, a spokesman for G.E.’s water and power division, staunchly
defended the technology this week, calling it “the industry’s workhorse
with a proven track record of safety and reliability for more than 40 years.
”
Mr. Tetuan said there are currently 32 Mark 1 boiling water reactors
operating safely around the globe. “There has never been a breach of a Mark
1 containment system,” he said.
Several utilities and plant operators also threatened to sue G.E. in the
late 1980s after the disclosure of internal company documents dating back to
1975 that suggested the containment vessel designs were either
insufficiently tested or had flaws that could compromise safety.
Related
Green Blog: Questions on the Nuclear Crisis in Japan (March 15, 2011)
Paul Gunter, director of the Reactor Oversight Project with Beyond Nuclear,
an organization opposed to nuclear power, says that regulators and utilities
began raising concerns about the containment design as far back as the
1970s.
“The key concern has always been that the containment structure was
undersized, and that a potential accident could overwhelm and rupture it,”
Mr. Gunter said.
The Mark 1 reactors in the United States have undergone a variety of
modifications since these initial concerns were raised. Among these,
according to Mr. Lochbaum, were changes to the doughnut-shaped torus — a
water-filled vessel encircling the primary containment vessel that is used
to reduce pressure in the reactor. In early iterations, steam rushing from
the primary vessel into the torus under high pressure could cause the vessel
to literally jump off the floor.
In the late 1980s, all Mark 1 reactors in the United States were also
ordered to be retrofitted with venting systems to help reduce pressure in an
overheating situation, rather than allow it to build up in a containment
system that regulators were concerned could not take it.
It is not clear precisely what modifications were made to the Japanese
boiling water reactors now failing, but James Klapproth, the chief nuclear
engineer for General Electric Hitachi, said a venting system was in place at
the Fukushima plants to help relieve pressure.
With electrical power cut off in the aftermath of the earthquake and backup
sources of power either failing or exhausted, workers have been struggling
to inject seawater into the reactor to maintain control, but they have had
some trouble venting the resulting steam.
Mr. Gunter argued that in any event, such venting amounts to a circumvention
of the whole notion of containment in the first place. “They essentially
have to defeat containment to save it,” he said.
What role the specifics of the G.E. design is playing in the rapid
deterioration of control at the Fukushima plant is likely to be a matter of
debate, and it is possible that any reactor design could succumb to the one-
two punch of an earthquake and tsunami like those that unfolded last week in
Japan.
Although G.E.’s liability would seem limited in Japan — largely because
the regulatory system in that country places most liability on the plant
operator, the company’s share price was down more than 2 percent at midday
Tuesday as the situation at the Fukushima plant deteriorated.
Still, Mr. Lochbaum said it was important to emphasize that the design
specifications for containment and cooling on any reactor are a matter of
balance. The primary alternate reactor design, the pressurized water reactor
, calls for a thicker and bigger containment structure, for example. A
boiling water reactor design like the one at Fukushima does allow for
scaling back on the size of the containment system while ostensibly
maintaining the requisite safety margins.
In that sense, Mr. Lochbaum said, G.E.’s the boiling water reactors should
be no better or worse in weathering accidents than any other design.
Should the ability to cool the reactor completely fail, however, Mr.
Lochbaum said, “I’d certainly rather have a bigger, thicker containment
structure.”
关键字： 平井宪夫 日本核电站 核泄漏 日本地震
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1 楼【baby_mule】 于 2011-3-16 9:04:27 评论说
最大的问题还是人.
2 楼【真正好爸爸】 于 2011-3-16 9:14:35 评论说
如果在中国的现状下你认为能够比日本做的更好吗？
现在的老师傅在中国成为低贱的代名词
人们都在想进入公务员队伍
啊哦，比日本还精细的做工需要比日本还负责的工人，如果这些工人每天抱怨自己的养
老金只有政府的1/10 能出什么好活？
3 楼【sunyw05】 于 2011-3-16 9:29:25 评论说
资本主义惨无人道！
4 楼【粪侯】 于 2011-3-16 9:41:26 评论说
日本尚且如此，在中国那就更可怕了。
5 楼【一氓】 于 2011-3-16 9:41:46 评论说
据悉，坚守厂区的包括50名最精干的抢险队员，但日本方面没有披露他们的具体名字。
他们在电站防护措施最为严密的控制室内坚持工作，其主要任务就是确保每分钟都有数
百立方米海水源源不断地注入三个在震后“高烧不退”的反应堆中，并确保堆内压力始
终保持正常。
这些坚守电站的抢险队员有的是经验丰富的退休老工人，也有的是志愿加入抢险队伍的
电站骨干力量。尽管他们身穿最现代化的防护服，但仍不足以抵抗控制室外高强度放射
线的危害。这些做好慷慨赴死准备的工人为其他救援工作赢得了宝贵的时间。
——不管怎么说，我对这50位日本人表示最高的敬意！！！
6 楼【opliutfop】 于 2011-3-16 9:42:20 评论说
留个记号回头做参考
7 楼【天高云淡南飞雁】 于 2011-3-16 9:47:26 评论说
总感觉核电站不保险,果然;特别是有地震灾难发生时就崩溃了。人类必须学会节制欲望
。都是“发展”这个的概念害人。你得益100年，一次灾难就把以前的“受益”全吐出
来了。得不偿失。
8 楼【5750233】 于 2011-3-16 10:09:42 评论说
高素质的日本人哎！~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
9 楼【nanxj】 于 2011-3-16 10:34:24 评论说
以营利为最终目的是资本主义罪恶的基本表现！
10 楼【糊涂神】 于 2011-3-16 10:54:19 评论说
从化工食品时代到转基因的小白鼠时代，终于发现这次迎接我们的居然是核电时代，可
以让全部生物物种都要面临的生态灾难，经济问题？政治问题？道德问题？需要分辨清
楚吗？
11 楼【玉仙子】 于 2011-3-16 11:35:54 评论说
豆腐渣哪国都出。呵呵呵。
12 楼【Tanton】 于 2011-3-16 11:56:04 评论说
再危险比广岛、长崎原子弹轰炸要小吧！
13 楼【轩辕剑】 于 2011-3-16 12:02:38 评论说
孔夫子儒家精英思想波及的范围内，官僚主义造成的反人类案例比比皆是！目前中国也
存在此类问题，一切关系到国家安危前途命运的事情，全部都由极少数富翁俱乐部的人
在操控，这无疑是极为可怕危险的，中国一旦有难，这些富翁俱乐部的人绝对是第一个
率先逃往外国定居的人，而他们做的孽却要全体国人来买单。
14 楼【dhbjz】 于 2011-3-16 13:09:09 评论说
科学，双刃剑。资本为了财富，只顾发挥有利于他们发财的一面，忽略罔顾其负面作用
。资本和高科技的结合，会给人类自我葬送埋下陷阱。
还是社会主义——科学社会主义能带领人类走向幸福之路。
15 楼【dhbjz】 于 2011-3-16 13:11:44 评论说
日本9.0级大地震以及大海啸，核电厂危机，给人类再次敲响警钟。
由此，让我担心另外两件事：到处开花的高速铁路、高高在上容量无比的三峡大坝。
16 楼【凤尾瑜】 于 2011-3-16 13:12:51 评论说
向平井宪夫先生致敬！勇敢说出真话的人！
人类为自己埋下了地雷，一了百了，这世界就太平了
17 楼【zsx98898】 于 2011-3-16 13:15:50 评论说
我的家乡——广西防城港，就要建核电站了，福兮祸兮？反正人民没权参预决策。
18 楼【小会计】 于 2011-3-16 13:51:12 评论说
可怜的人，地球的癌细胞
19 楼【lhchuan0918】 于 2011-3-16 15:10:37 评论说
中国核电，你能做到多少呢？
20 楼【linzlinz】 于 2011-3-16 15:46:29 评论说
向平井宪夫先生致敬！勇敢说出真话的人！
比日本还精细的做工需要比日本还负责的工人，如果这些工人每天抱怨自己的养老金只
有政府的1/10 能出什么好活？
21 楼【红色最美】 于 2011-3-16 15:50:35 评论说
深思并担忧，我国核电的现状及未来。
22 楼【符琼柏】 于 2011-3-16 16:26:50 评论说
海南正在昌江建核电站，海南还会是可爱美丽的绿色家园吗？我们把罪恶留给我们的子
子孙孙，造孽啊！
23 楼【洛阳毛泽东的信仰者】 于 2011-3-16 16:34:31 评论说
我们宁可无电用也不要核电！让我们记住这个日本女中学生的话吧！
24 楼【轩辕剑】 于 2011-3-16 17:04:26 评论说
老百姓会用脚来投票，估计今后中国核电设施附近房价将会大跌，方圆几百公里范围的
城市，有知识有文化有钱的富有阶层将不会选择住在这种地方，留下的将是为了生计而
不得不住在这附近的人。
25 楼【BLLZZ】 于 2011-3-16 17:35:31 评论说
人民的担忧，应该引起决策者的反思。
26 楼【奴隶主奴隶】 于 2011-3-16 17:41:29 评论说
原以为日本政府很自律、国民素质也很高，看来也不过如此…人呀，包括政府都是利益
的奴仆…我朝还是少建核电站吧，说实话，我朝与日本比还是有差距的…
27 楼【adammaabb】 于 2011-3-16 19:34:36 评论说
广岛与长崎是明的核伤害,所有人都会主动防御,政府也会负责到底的! 但那些核电厂的
核污染是暗的,而且是被人为掩盖的,被污染者到死都不知道怎么死的! 更可怕的是,日
本现在有几十座核堆,分布很广!其长期的且大范围的影响又岂是广岛与长崎2个地方可
比!要知道那些暗伤的只要不是立马就死的事故,有政府会负责底的吗?! 为自己和自己
的后代真正安全地活着,都该醒醒了!
28 楼【黑龙江白杨树】 于 2011-3-16 22:44:01 评论说
为什么我国也要搞核电站，估计也是美国鹦鹉们迷惑领导的吧。
29 楼【不期居士】 于 2011-3-17 8:58:47 评论说
核电站是可以引发核爆炸的，这次日本地震福岛其实就已经是核爆炸了，日本及各国政
府不愿意直说罢了！！！
30 楼【mzxdhwb】 于 2011-3-17 9:09:06 评论说
请政治局阅，人大讨论。
31 楼【QJ517】 于 2011-3-17 9:10:52 评论说
作为科学研究搞几个核电站足矣，如果搞核电为了挣钱就是十足的邪恶，挣几十年钱最
后出一次事故使几十万人或更多的人受到伤害，怎么看都是伤天害理的行为。
32 楼【龙淼隐】 于 2011-3-17 12:13:07 评论说
核电站不可能发生核爆炸，学过高中物理的都知道。不要“情怀党”，遇事应分析。
33 楼【本立】 于 2011-3-17 17:16:47 评论说
作为科学研究搞几个核电站足矣，如果搞核电为了挣钱就是十足的邪恶，挣几十年钱最
后出一次事故使几十万人或更多的人受到伤害，怎么看都是伤天害理的行为。
34 楼【轻罗小扇扑流萤】 于 2011-3-18 0:38:11 评论说
关于此次福岛核泄漏，媒体一直避开的是：核辐射超标在当地不是短期，小范围的，而
将是长期累积，大范围的。
35 楼【Renyi Zhao】 于 2011-3-18 0:43:57 评论说
Radiation Protection Supplements
You can find more information on the following links:
http://www.rifeenergymedicine.com/Radiationprotection.html
http://www.ki4u.com/guide.htm
Potassium Iodide: Of course, most everyone knows this one. This can
protect the thyroid gland by saturating the thyroid with iodide so it cannot
absorb radioactive iodine.
“The idea of stockpiling the drug, potassium iodide, has been debated since
the 1979 accident at Three Mile Island, near Harrisburg, Pa. Proponents
renewed discussions of the proposal after the explosion of the Chernobyl
reactor in the Ukraine, a 1986 accident that is now blamed for thousands of
thyroid cancers, mostly in people who were in utero or younger than 2 years
old at the time. Those people, regardless of their age, who took potassium
iodide at the time were protected.”
“But the new recommendation is far more complex, establishing different
recommended doses and different conditions for use for eight categories of
people: newborns; infants younger than 3 years old; children 3 to 12; youths
12 to 18; adults 18 to 40; adults older than 40; and women who are
lactating or are pregnant.
For those younger than 18 and for pregnant or lactating women, the F.D.A.
will recommend giving the drug at a level of radiation exposure a fifth as
large as advised in the 1980's.”
Published on Thursday, November 29, 2001 in the http://www.nytimes.com/
http://www.commondreams.org/headlines01/1129-03.htm
What this confusing mish-mash means is, if you get sufficient iodine in
your diet, you should be protected. Even if exposed, organic iodine can
actually remove radioactive iodine that has lodged in the thyroid gland.
More dose info below under Kelp and Sea Vegetables.
The RDA according to the Nutrition Almanac - http://mutage.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/18/4/337 - is 150 mcg (millionths of a gram) per day. The latest therapeutic dose recommendations are complicated depending on age, body type, exposure etc. General guidelines are adults and adolescents a full therapeutic dose is 130 mcg. Children over 3-12 yrs. 65 mcg. Over one month-3 yrs. 32 mcg. Birth to one month 16 mcg. By saturating the thyroid gland it is protected up to one month., which is long enough for the radioactive iodine (which has a half life of 8 days) to disappear from the environment. With out the potassium iodide (KI) taken in advance of an attack to saturate the thyroid, its protective effect lasts about 24 hours! You should have tablets on hand
Beta-1,3 Glucan: Extracted from the cell walls of baker’s yeast it is a
potent immune enhancer. It activates important macrophages and is also an
anti oxidant. Studies by the Army showed that glucan was a powerful
protectant against a lethal dose of radiation. Ref 2 page 9.
Polyamines: “The free radicals generated by ultraviolet (UV) or ionizing
radiation can attack cellular lipids, proteins and DNA. Endogenous free
radical scavengers such as glutathione and the polyamines (e.g, spermidine
and spermine) can inhibit the action of ROS (peroxides and hydroxyl radicals
).”
Gravit Space Biol Bull. 2005 Jun;18(2):109-10.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=P
Naringin: “Radiation is a well-known inducer of free radicals and
compounds that can scavenge free radicals may reduce radiation-induced DNA
damage. Naringin, a bioflavonoid predominant in grapefruit and other citrus
fruits, has been found to scavenge free radicals, therefore it may also
reduce radiation-induced damage.”
Mutagenesis vol. 18 no. 4 pp. 337-343, July 2003
http://mutage.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/18/4/337
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: Or DMSO, “prevents DNA Nicking Mediated by Ionizing
Radiation or Iron/Hydrogen Peroxide-Generated Hydroxyl Radical.” (This is
a very valuable substance and you would do well to find out more about it.)
Journal of Pineal Research
Melatonin: “As melatonin administration reversed oxidative organ injury,
as assessed by biochemical and histopathological findings, it is suggested
that supplementing cancer patients with adjuvant therapy of melatonin may
have some benefit for successful radiotherapy.”
Melatonin protects against ionizing radiation-induced oxidative damage in
corpus cavernosum and urinary bladder in rats
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/j.1600-079X.
Polyethylene glycol: “There is disclosed a method of protecting animals
including humans against ionizing radiation by injecting the animals with a
polymer having the approximate formula H(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n OH, where
n varies between 4 and 13. Particularly, it is found that polyethylene
glycol (molecular weight between 200 and 600),
polyethyleneglycolmonoethylether (molecular weight between 200 and 600), and
polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight up to 10,000) when injected into
standard experimental animals, such as mice, protects them from the lethal
effect of ionizing radiation.”
Tetracycline derivatives and ceftriaxone, a cephalosporin antibiotic,
protect neurons against apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation.
http://www.uku.fi/neuro/ab0169.htm
Tetracycline: “Tetracyclin derivatives and ceftriaxone, a cephalosporin
antibiotic, protect neurons against apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation.
Our results suggest that some tetracycline derivatives, such as doxycycline
and minocycline, and ceftriaxone, a cephalosporin derivative, protect
neurons against apoptotic death.”
VITAMIN C: This may be the most important thing of all to have on hand for
many applications, e.g. poison, bites, viruses, etc. The book “Vitamin C,
Infectious Diseases, & Toxins” by Thomas Levy, MD, should be one of your
most prized possessions along with as much Sodium Ascorbate as you can store
. Vitamin C cannot only protect against radiation but also repair damage
from previous exposure. There is abundant scientific proof for this
assertion. See section below from Levy’s work. Ref. 3 and Ref. 6
Vegetable Oil: Extra virgin olive oil but any cold pressed, extra virgin
oil will do in an emergency. If you are exposed or are going to be, you can
drink a half cup and if will help supply protection for the cell membranes.
( I got this from the Atomic Energy Commission Report many years ago but it
still is true.) Some studies show that applying these oils to the skin can
help protect against radiation skin burns. Vitamin E oil applied to the
skin, along with Vitamin C and aloe vera could help mitigate radiation
burns. Also, see below.
==========.
Some of the following are specifically cited for X-ray exposure, but are
effective in any form of ionizing radiation from the book "How To Bet Well"
by Pavvo Ariola.
Rutin: Strengthens the capillary walls and reduces hemorrhaging caused by x
-rays. In animal studies reduced the death rate caused by excessive x-rays
by 800 per cent.
Dose: 100 to 200 mg a day as protective dose. If exposed, 800 mg. or more a
day. It is harmless.
Pantothenic Acid: Prevents radiation injuries. In animal studies, the
survival rate was increased by 200 per cent by giving pantothenic acid prior
to exposure. Brewers yeast is by far the best source of this substance.
Dose: Preventive—5 mg. to 15 mg. for children, 25 mg. to 50 mg. for adults
. Use a double or triple dose as a therapeutic after exposure.
Brewer’s Yeast: Believe it or not, brewer’s yeast can help protect and
repair damage from many types of radioactivity.
Vitamin F:Essential fatty acids or EFA, present in all crude, cold-pressed
vegetable oils.
Inositol: In Lecithin. Available in tablets, helps with all forms of
radiation.
Lemon: Or lemon peel concentrate. Probably due to the bioflavonoids. It
is always good to take Vitamin C and bioflavonoids together since the latter
multiplies the effect of the C.
Lecithin: 2-3 tbsp. a day, will help counteract the effects of radiation.
Kelp: Supplement the diet with easily assimilable organic iodine, as in
kelp (Norwegian or other clean water kelp if possible), this will saturate
the thyroid so radioactive iodine will not be absorbed. (It, like all sea
vegetables contains an amazing substance called sodium alginate which we
will get to later.) Dose: 1 to 2 tsp. Of granules daily, or 5 to 10 tablets
. Protective program for Strontium-90.
Calcium and Magnesium: both help your body to pass off Strontium 90. Get
supplement not made from animal bones which contains Strontium 90. Dolomite
is best. Dr. Linus Pauling says heavy calcium supplementation will reduce
strontium 90 absorption by 50 percent, but be careful not to over indulge
unless exposed.
From the valuable resource book, “Fighting Radiation and Chemical
Pollutants with Foods, Herbs and Vitamins” by Steven R. Schechter, N.D. (
likely out of print) I have purposely left out some of the doses and other
specifics in many cases to space constraints, to avoid giving medical
advice, and to encourage you to find and buy this book and the others.
However, because the book is out of print I have included some dosages;
keeping in mind that the book is over 20 years old. If I do err in this
direction, consider it my opinion and not medical advice. Go to the
information source; When you need it, the info will be priceless and still
applicable.
Sea Vegetables: Sodium alginate is one of the more powerful protective
substances in sea vegetables like kelp, which includes arame, wakame, kombu,
and hijiki. Sodium alginate reduces the amount of strontium-90 absorbed
by bone tissue by 50 to 83 percent. (You can also obtain a great source of
this in a fantastic herbal combo by Solaray called Detox Blend SP-25.)
Bee Pollen: Studies show that bee pollen can significantly reduce the usual
side effects of both radium and cobalt-60 radiotherapy and also the
sickness after massive abdominal x-rays. One study showed that the
proliferation of cancer cells stopped in cancerous tumors induced in mice.
(This is only indicative and does not purport to be medical advice. One
should go to the source and study the relevant information before drawing
conclusions. Try to get real bee pollen from an organic bee keeper, uncooked
.)
Bee Propolis: Besides the healing and anti bacterial qualities of this
substance, it has been effective in clinical stages of radioepithelitis, i.e
. inflammation of epithelial tissue due to radiation. (Same as above. Get
unheated, raw organic honey; it is a good source of pollen, royal jelly and
propolis.)
Fermented Foods: Due to their multiple beneficial effect on the intestines,
fermented foods help to counteract the toxins from radioactive fallout that
is ingested from foods, e.g. yogurt, sauerkraut, kefir, etc.
Beets: Beets have been shown to rebuild hemoglobin of the blood after
exposure to radiation. Rats fed a diet of 20 percent beet pulp were able to
prevent cesium-137 absorption and 97 to 100 percent more effectively than
rats given no beets.
Primary-grown Nutritional Yeast: Besides having Vitamin E, it also
contains the nucleic acids RNA and DNA, both of which have been shown to
have radio protective qualities. It has been shown to help rebuild and
regenerate cells damaged by radiation, and also to produce relief from
radiation poisoning and it’s many horrible symptoms. Nutritional yeast has
a good amount of many important nutrients. Primary –grown yeasts bonds
with and absorb heavy metals such as uranium, lead and mercury!
Garlic and Onions: Cysteine, also present in onions, binds with and
deactivates both the radioactive isotopes and toxic metals such as cadmium,
lead and mercury. The sulfur in cysteine helps the kidneys and liver
detoxify the body. Garlic has many wonderful healing properties and should
be researched.
Chlorophyll: Lourau and Lartigue reported that green cabbage increased the
resistance of guinea pigs to radiation. The US Army found that broccoli,
green cabbage and alfalfa reduced the effects of radiation on guinea pigs by
50 percent! (You can get a good organic alfalfa pill very cheap from
Nature’s Plus.)
Oils: Dr. James Ashikava found that mice will survive normally lethal doses
of x-rays if they are given common edible unprocessed vegetable oils—
especially olive or peanut oils. It is reported from Mexico, that those who
work or live near sources of radiation, such as atomic labs or nuclear
power plants, eat or rub vegetable oils on their skin for greater protection
.
In one mice study, olive oil taken internally fully protected rats against
progressive doses of x-rays ranging from 300 to 2,400 roentgens. The olive
oil provided optimal protection when is comprised about 15 percent of the
total calories of the diet. Olive oil and sesame oil are more resistant to
breaking down from heat while cooking and have a longer shelf life.
Vitamin A: In 1974, researchers from India found that vitamin A, when taken
internally by humans, hastened recovery from radiation. In 1984, Dr. Eli
Seifter and a team of researchers fro the Albert Einstein College of
Medicine….reported vitamin A and beta-carotene counteracted both partial
and total body gamma radiation. It also improved the healing of wounds;
reduced weight loss, thymic and splenic atrophy, and adrenal enlargement;
and prevented gastro-ulceration and an abnormal decrease in red and white
blood cell formation. (The therapeutic purposes, 25,000 to 35,000 IU are
recommended for adults. During emergencies or crisis situations, intensive
exposure may warrant as much as 40,000 to 100,000 IU of beta-carotene, but
should be taken for no more than three to four weeks. Infants should not
consume high amounts. This info is only very partial and you should consult
the book for specifics.)
Vitamin B Complex: There are so many benefits to the B vitamins that there
is no space to list them. One of the many is they normalize the red and
white blood cell count, because the destruction of white blood cells by
radiation can last for extended periods of time. The various B vitamins have
different effects and should be taken together.
Vitamin C and Bioflavonoids: Not to be redundant; researchers at Harvard
Medical School said, “Our experiment showed that vitamin C can prevent
damage from radiation….it somehow keeps the radiation from killing the
cells.” Their experiment indicates that the dosage for humans exposed to
intensive radiation would be approximately 10 grams per day---a mega dose. (
More about C and radiation later from Dr. Thomas Levy. The literature must
be studied before mega dosing but levels up to 50,000 and more have been
administered for short periods with good results. If more than 750 mg. of
vitamin C is taken daily, calcium, magnesium, B6 (within the whole B Complex
), and sufficient water to prevent kidney stones. The body cannot store
much C and it is used for darn near everything in the body, so make sure you
get enough.)
Vitamin D: An adult therapeutic dose would range from 400 IU per day to 1,
000 IU daily. During an emergency, adult daily dosage could go as high as 2
,000 IU, if taken for no longer than one month. (I would say to find a
natural vitamin D as there have been reports that synthetic vitamin D has
some bad side effects.)
Vitamin E: It can protect against the effects of x-rays and radioactive
cobalt. It improves anemia following exposure to radiation. It can provide
internal and external protection against cesium-137 which is a common
component of fallout and nuclear power plant leaks and routine emissions.
For the form of E d-alpha-tocopherol, an adult weighting about 155 would
need about 900 IU per day. (I take more than this every day normally. On
exposure, I would take 1600 IU as I have many times for several weeks. I
prefer to get the dry, water dispersable E, but any kind is good as long as
it is fresh. The oil can go rancid. Also, try to get the most natural form.
) E also helps prevent the destruction of Vitamin A and fatty acids by
massive doses of x-rays. If large doses of C, B and E are taken before
exposure, the terrible symptoms of radiation sickness can be reduced or
eliminated to a large degree. Caution: E should be used cautiously if you
have high blood pressure or rheumatic heart disease.
Calcium: By the mechanism of selective uptake, calcium blocks or decreases
the absorption of strontium-90, calcium-45 and other radioactive isotopes by
the skeletal system. Calcium also helps to eliminate radioactive isotopes
that are lodged in the bones! The National Research Council recommends that
adults consume 800 mg. of calcium per day. For children and lactating
women this is 1,000 mg. and 1,400 mg.. Too much calcium can be harmful. The
best forms of supplemental calcium are calcium citrate, gluconate, carbonate
, lactate, or amino acid chelated calcium. It is good to take a calcium—
magnesium combination.
Magnesium:Like calcium, magnesium prevents the uptake of radioisotopes and
helps to eliminate already stored strontium-90. One reason not to use
synthetic vitamin D (Calciferol) is that it can combine with magnesium and
carry it out of the body. Calciferol is contained in much commercial milk.
Fluoride also leaches calcium from the body among other horrendous things.
The optimal diet should contain about ½ as much magnesium as calcium
. The RDA for calcium is 350 mg. to 700 mg. The high end should not be
exceeded but since the Standard American Diet or SAD does not supply enough
magnesium, supplements are recommended.
Selenium:Wonderful element. Does so many positive things impossible to list
. It fortifies the immune system, reduces the rate of cancer in humans and
helps to alleviate leukopenia, (abnormal decreases of white blood cells).
The RDA is 50 to 200 micrograms per day. Some recommend as much as 100 to
300 micrograms per day, but more should be under medical supervision. It is
most effective when taken with vitamins A and E.
Potassium:If there is a deficiency, radionuclides like cesium-137, cesium-
134, potassium-40 and potassium-42, are absorbed through selective uptake
etc. RDA is uncertain but health authorities suggest a minimum of 2,000 to
6,000 mg. in the diet. Usually supplementation is not necessary and too
much can be dangerous.
Zinc: A diet that supplies sufficient zinc blocks the uptake of radioactive
zinc-65. Zinc DTPA has been used to chelate americium-241 from a nuclear
accident victim. Natural zinc also will help the body eliminate several
toxic heavy metals including cadmium, aluminum, lead, and excess copper.
Although doses over 50 mg. per day have been used it should be under a
doctor’s care.
Iron: A number of studies indicate exposure to radiation significantly
decreases levels of iron in the body. Radioactive iron and plutonium,
isotopes similar in structure to iron, can be carried to iron storage sites
such as liver, bone marrow, ovaries or testes, and lungs if the body is
deficiency in iron. The National Research Council recommends a daily intake
of 18 mg. for women, 30 to 60 mg. daily if pregnant or more if lactating;
10 mg. for men, and 10 to 18 mg. for children. After exposure to radiation
or loss of blood, supplementation of approximately 10 to 18 mg. daily.
Siberian Ginseng: Eleutherococcus senticosus is the best for medicinal
purposes. Soviet researchers reported that eleuthero extract has radio
protective qualities, and can be used in conditions of acute or chronic
radiation sicknesses such as hemorrhaging, severe anemia, dizziness, nausea,
vomiting and headaches due to x-rays. It can lengthen survival time after
exposure. The list is too long. Do some research. It is almost miraculous
protecting against infections. poisons, etc. It increases human resistance
to a remarkably wide variety of stressors.
Adult extract treatment doses: 20 to 40 drops before meals, two or three
times per day. Children: single dose one drop per each year of age,
repeated twice a day.
Panax Ginseng: Studies have found this Asian version is effective against
radiation as well. Researchers observed, ginseng increases the rate of
production of serum albumin and gamma-globulin as well as DNA and RNA
protein, and lipid synthesis in bone marrow cells. Also, human subjects
taking ginseng root were able to acclimatize more easily to oxygen-deficient
air. Both types can be taken daily as they build up in the body in a
positive way. Best to take small amounts over a long period.
Aloe: Of the more than 200 species of Aloe, these species have shown
evidence of being radio-protectants: aloe barbadensis (aloe vera), aloe
arborescens, aloe striatula, and aloe saponaria. Emulsions can prevent the
development of local reactions in radiation therapy and treating radiation
burns of second and third degrees. Aloe also accelerates the process of
tissue repair and normal cell growth. It is optimal to use its fresh form
direct from the juicy leaves of the plant. It also has pain-relieving
properties. Use fully mature leaves from outer leaves first.
Chaparral: Also known as the creosote bush, one of the active ingredients
is NDGA. One thing it does is inhibit the tumor electron transport system,
which denies such growths the electrical energy they require. It also
corrects malignant melanoma in many cancer patients. Chaparral is an
excellent antibiotic and helps purify and detoxify the blood. Use with
caution and supervision. Dose: If taken in tablet form take an extra 300-
750 mg. of vitamin C per day to help the body process the concentrated
resins and gums in the herb.
Green Tea and Black Tea:Indications are that the radio-protective effects of
tea catechins are associated with the antioxidative property, taken both
before and after irradiation. Caution with large use of black or green
teas because they contain large amounts of caffeine and tannic acid. Also,
some evidence that green tea takes up large amounts of fluoride.
Nucleic acids: RNA and DNA increase the survival rate of mammals exposed to
irradiation. Bee pollen, nutritional yeast and certain sea algae such as
chlorella contain relatively large percentages of nucleic acids. Onions
contain RNA.
Cysteine: A natural amino acid helps counteract several kinds of radiation.
Caution: Do not take as a seperate supplement. Can be a dangerous
excitotoxin like glutamate (MSG) or aspartate in abnormal quantities.
Occurs in sulfur containing vegetables most of which are in the cabbage
family. Kale is by far the best source with watercress and brussel sprouts
good sources too. Make sure you get non-irradiated vegetables.
Pectin: Obtained from ripe fruit like apples. Like sodium alginate in agar
and kelp, pectin bonds or chelates with radioisotopes, especially strontium
-90, and reduces the absorption into the skeletal system.
Papain: In one study, 50 percent of the rats given papain survived a
normally lethal dose of radiation.
Medicinal Charcoal: Has the ability to absorb and neutralize radioactive
substances and some toxic materials. Researchers report that 10 grams or 1
tablespoon of charcoal can absorb about 3 to 7 grams of materials.
Organic Germanium: Ge-132, according to one study, “Radioactive rays
release electrons that destroy cells and blood corpuscles….Germanium
floating near the blood corpuscles skillfully catches those released
electrons and lets them move around its nucleus.” In other studies
mutagenesis of cells exposed to cesium-137 and gamma rays, was “remarkably
reduced” without affecting cellular growth or survival. It seemed to
improve the fidelity of DNA replication. Ge-132 protects cysteine, an amino
acid with known protective value. Dose: 25 mg. to 100 mg. per day is often
used in Japan. It can be derived from onions, pearled barley, and
watercress.
Sodium Alginate: An effective preventive and therapeutic substance against
radiation and heavy metals according to Tanaka. In two experiments using
rats, sodium alginate decreased by a factor of 12, the uptake of several
radioactive isotopes—including strontium-90, strontium-85, barium, radium,
and calcium. Skoryna el al. concluded that ingestion of small but regular
does of alginate is effective in preventing the daily absorption of small
doses of radioactive strontium and other contaminants that are present in
the environment. Brown sea vegetables such as kelp are the most effective
sources.
Alginate is nontoxic and is not reabsorbed for the GI tract and appears to
have no adverse affects even at high doses. Red sea vegetables, such a
dulse are most effective at binding plutonium, and green algae binds cesium
most effectively.
Dose: The Atomic Energy Commission recommends for maximum protection against
radioactive poisoning for humans, taking a minimum of 2 to 3 ounces of sea
vegetables a week or 10 grams (two tablespoons) a day of sodium alginate
supplements. During or after exposure to radiation, the dosage should be
increased to two full tablespoons of alginate four times daily to insure
that there is a continual supply in the GI or gastrointestinal tract.
There may be a rare problem of constipation but this can be avoided if the
sodium alginate is made into a fruit gelatin. Agar, derived from sodium
alginate in kelp, is a safe, nontoxic substance that can be used as a
thickening agent or gelatin. (Solaray has a great product I use now called
Detox Blend )
Another benefit of sea vegetables is the natural iodine. If there is
insufficient iodine in the diet radioactive iodine-131 will be absorbed and
collected in the thyroid gland. Even if radioactive iodine is absorbed by
the thyroid, taking natural iodine helps offset the side effects of exposure
. According to Dr. Russell Morgan, one mg. of iodine for children and five
mg. for adults taken daily will reduce by about 80 percent the radioactive
iodine accumulated in the thyroid. Whole foods are the best source of
iodine, e.g. sea vegetables like hijiki, arame, kombu and dulse. Iodine is
leached from the thyroid gland by drinking chlorinated water. Avoid iodized
salt which contains excessive sodium and no potassium. Sea vegetables are
rich in vitamins and contain most if not all of the essential minerals and
trace elements. Sea vegetables also help dissolve fat and mucus deposits.
Chlorophyll: A number of studies found that chlorophyll-rich foods can
decrease radiation toxicity. Spirulina and chlorella are two micro-algae
that are rich in this substance, as are leafy greens, celery, parsley, the
sprouts of any grain or bean, the young shoots of any edible grass and
sunflower greens. Chlorophyll is similar in structure to hemoglobin. |
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