r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 1 http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/PTO/RisingSun/BicycleBlitz/inde
Bicycle Blitzkrieg:
The Malayan Campaign and the Fall of Singapore
by
LCDR Alan C. Headrick, USNR
A paper submitted to the Faculty of the Naval War College in partial
satisfaction of the requirements of the Operations Department.
The contents of this paper reflect my own personal views and are not
necessarily endorsed by the Naval War College or the Department of the Navy.
8 February 1994
Paper directed by Commander Mark Hess, USN
Faculty, Department of Strategy and Policy |
M*V
发帖数: 3205 | 2 举世公认？？？？
Navy.
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/PTO/RisingSun/BicycleBlitz/inde
: Bicycle Blitzkrieg:
: The Malayan Campaign and the Fall of Singapore
: by
: LCDR Alan C. Headrick, USNR
: A paper submitted to the Faculty of the Naval War College in partial
: satisfaction of the requirements of the Operations Department.
: The contents of this paper reflect my own personal views and are not
: necessarily endorsed by the Naval War College or the Department of the Navy.
: 8 February 1994
|
r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 3 http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/articles/singapore.as
Bicycle Blitzkreig
The Japanese Conquest of Malaya and Singapore 1941-1942
by Allen Parfitt
On the first day of 1941 a bespectacled Japanese staff Colonel named Tsuji
Masanobu reported to a modest building in Taipei. His job was to head a
military small research department. The task of this unit of 30 officers,
enlisted men and civilian workers was to plan a possible southward attack by
the Japanese Army to conquer South Asia and the East Indies. As the year
passed Colonel Tsuji himself began planning an attack on the British
stronghold of Singapore.
The prospect was daunting. Singapore is an island off the southern coast of
Malaya. The seaward side was heavily fortified, and could hardly be taken by
direct attack. The landward side was vulnerable, but to get there an army
would have to traverse the five hundred mile length of the Malay peninsula.
The peninsula is accessible from both sides at its narrowest point, the
Isthmus of Kra, where Malaya and Thailand meet. But further south the
peninsula widens out, and the center is rugged jungle. The route south lies
along the west coast. The Japanese would have to advance those hundreds of
miles on the Indian Ocean side, where their naval strength could not help
them. They would have to cross rivers and fortified positions. Then at the
end of this odyssey, they would attack the Island of Singapore, considered
by the British to be the keystone of their defenses in the far east.
Tsuji himself was a controversial figure, and would become more so. He had
been heavily involved in the disastrous war with Russia in Nomonhon, on the
borders of Mongolia and Manchuria. By his own account he was thrown out of
China because of his involvement in a pan-Asian society. At the end of World
War II he vanished to avoid the war crimes tribunal, to surface several
years later as an author and member of the post-war Japanese legislature. A
book has been written branding him as a war criminal ("The Criminal They
Called a God", by Ian Ward). Tsuji wrote a colorful and interesting account
of the Malaya campaign, which was translated into English as "Japan's
Greatest Victory, England's Greatest Defeat", casting himself in a leading
role. This book is a great source on the campaign from the Japanese side..
This article will assume that Tsuji's book is fairly accurate, keeping in
mind that there are some things he chose to leave out.
The Japanese would have some advantages. They were in the process of seizing
control of French Indochina, heedless of the fact that it was under the
authority of an authoritarian government nominally allied with their friends
in Germany. This would give them air bases that would allow their planes to
reach Malaya and the surrounding waters, and a jump-off place from which to
invade Thailand. The Japanese had no intention of honoring Thai neutrality.
Japanese resources would be stretched, as they planned to attack numerous
locations in the South Pacific simultaneously, but Tsuji could expect to
have experienced troops and leaders assigned to the Singapore operation.
Some armor might be available.
In September Tsuji was transferred to Indochina. War was obviously coming,
and the plan for attacking Malaya and Singapore had not been finalized.
Desperate for information, Tsuji went on two long reconnaissance flights
over northern Malaya and southern Thailand. Looking down he could see large
British airfields at Alor Star and Kota Bharu, as well as an airfield at
Singora in Thailand. After he returned home he considered these airfields
with a mixture of fear and greed. Planes operating from northern Malaya
could make a mess of an invasion fleet if they were aggressively handled. On
the other hand, if the fields could be captured promptly, Japanese air
power could be installed right in the British back yard.
Having looked the situation over, Tsuji created his plan for the attack. He
proposed that the Japanese land almost simultaneously at Singora, in
Thailand, and Kota Bharu, just to the south in Malaya in order to seize the
airfields. Meanwhile a strong force would march through Thailand. He flew to
Tokyo to present his plan in late October. It was accepted. Tsuji reports
that Colonel Hattori, Chief of the Operations Section of the General Staff,
told him that "However excellent your opinions might have been, I would have
hesitated to agree with your intention to modify the plan determined by the
Imperial General Staff according to your own judgments based only on maps.
But as the modifications were suggested as a result of your own observations
in the face of danger, no objections could be raised."
Command of the operation was given to General Yamashita Tomoyuki. General
Yamashita was an able and experienced officer, although mostly in staff
positions. He earned the sobriquet "Tiger of Malaya" in the ensuing
operations. At the end of the war he was convicted and executed for war
crimes committed under his command. However, since atrocities were a way of
life for the Japanese Army during World War II, virtually every senior
officer could have been executed on that basis, and it is generally
considered that Yamashita was no more guilty than most, and less than many.
General Yamashita was given command of the 25th Army. It consisted of three
divisions. The 5th Division had seen extensive service in China, and was
considered one of the best in the Japanese Army. The 18th was also an
experienced and excellent unit. The third division was the Imperial Guards
Division. They were considered an "elite" formation, but had no combat
experience. Tsuji is dismissive: "Over a long period of years they had been
trained for elegant traditional ceremonies, but they had no taste for field
operations and were unsuitable for them. Their staff officers had a tendency
to disobey their superior Army Commander." The 25th Army also contained a
tank regiment, which was to prove very useful, three regiments of engineers,
which were to prove invaluable, and various artillery and supply troops.
The total was about 60,000 men. The invasion troops were gathered at Hainan
Island, off the south coast of China, while the overland group was poised in
Indochina. A good understanding was reached with the navy, which would
cover the landings, and army and navy air units which would try to protect
them.
The British were not unaware of the threat to their far eastern possessions.
In theory, Singapore was the second most important point in the British
Empire (after London), and considerable money had been spent in the thirties
developing and protecting the naval base there. The plan was that if
Singapore was attacked, a powerful fleet would be sent to the rescue.
However, from 1939 through the middle of 1941 Britain was fully occupied
with the struggle against Nazi Germany. The Royal Navy was heavily engaged
in the Atlantic and Mediterranean, and the only ships that could be spared
for the Indian Ocean were a few obsolete battleships and cruisers, and the
old carrier Hermes. In his perceptive book "The Command of History", David
Reynolds points out how little mention there is of far eastern affairs in
the first two books of Winston Churchill's monumental history of the Second
World War. As 1941 wore on, however, Washington made the British aware of
the deteriorating diplomatic situation in the far east and the urgent need
to prepare for possible war with Japan The easiest thing to find was troops.
Soldiers were available from that huge reservoir of manpower: British India
. The III Indian Corps was in Malaya, including the 9th and 11th divisions,
and the 28th and 45th brigades. There were also two British brigades, the
53rd and 54th. The Australian government was watching the situation
carefully, especially concerned because all of their best divisions were
fighting in North Africa. They agreed to send their recently formed 8th
division to Singapore. There were also plans to send a further British
division, and when it arrived, the army totaled about 120,000 men.
Britain's man on the spot was the commander of General Headquarters Far East
, Air Chief Marshall Sir Robert Brooke-Popham. As an airman he encouraged
the development of the airfields Tsuji had spotted, and the deployment of
the army north to protect them. The army commander did not quite see this,
so he was replaced by Lt. General Arthur Percival. Percival was a tall gawky
man, with considerable military experience, but no charisma at all. He was
to prove completely unequal to the difficult task before him. Actually, the
man who turned out to be Britain's most capable combat leader of the war was
available, commanding a division in Syria. But Slim's time had not yet come
, and it is possible that the British situation in Malaya and Singapore was
too dire for even his prodigious abilities, It would have been unfortunate
for him to have spent the war as a prisoner.
Although the British had plenty of men, equipment was another matter. There
were no tanks at all, and a shortage of anti-tank guns. There was some
mechanized transport in the form of lorries and bren carriers. The air force
for whom those nice airfields had been built was using the Brewster Buffalo
as its first line fighter. Back in the thirties the United States Navy was
looking for a new fighter to replace its biplanes. The Buffalo was designed
to this specification, only to be rejected in favor of the Grumman F4F
Wildcat. However the Brewster company sold quite a few to other countries in
need of a modern monoplane fighter. The Finns bought some, and liked them.
No one else did. By 1941 the Buffalo was definitely obsolete. To make
matters worse the Brewster people had supplied many of the far eastern
Buffalos with engines recycled from commercial transports. Some of the
planes were being flown by British pilots, some by Australians. They hated
each other. When squadron Leader W.J. Harper, veteran of the Battle of
Britain, arrived to take command of the 453 RAAF (Royal Australian Air Force
) squadron, he later reported that "I was amazed to notice amongst many of
the Australian personnel on the Station the prevalent dislike that some of
them bore for the English--Englishmen were spoken of as ‘Pommies' with an
air of contempt.....It should be noted in turn that RAF personnel elsewhere
ostracized the Australians." Harper was so unhappy with the quality of some
of his men that he asked for and received permission to go to Australia to
beg for some more experienced pilots. For heavier aircraft the RAF and RAAF
squadrons were using Bristol Blenheims and Lockheed Hudsons. The Blenheim
was nothing special when it was new, and by 1941 had been relegated to
training on most fronts. The Hudson was a military version of the Electra
transport, and was useful mainly for reconnaissance. The British had capable
planes--Spitfires, Hurricanes, Beauforts, Halifax heavy bombers, the
matchless Mosquito, but they didn't feel they could spare any of them for
Malaya. There was also a huge ignorance of the capabilities of Japanese air
power. It was generally felt that Buffalos and Blenheims were good enough
for the far east.
Although he was focused on the struggle with Nazi Germany, in late August
Winston Churchill gave some thought to what could be done to strengthen the
British position in south Asia. He came up with a very Churchillian idea:
send a battleship. Better yet, send two, and maybe a carrier. Call it "Force
Z". Admiralty was very dubious, feeling that all the Royal Navy's
battleships were needed in European waters, but Churchill was insistent, and
, as usual, he got his way. Orders were given for the newest battleship in
the navy, HMS Prince of Wales to proceed to Singapore. Prince of Wales had
been launched in May, and was a 32,000 ton ship mounting 10 14" guns. She
had already been in action. So new that civilian workers were still aboard,
she had proceeded in company with HMS Hood on a mission to intercept the
German battleship Bismarck. Having successfully done so, her crew watched in
horror as the Hood blew up after an exchange of salvos. Prince of Wales'
captain decided to withdraw, making her perhaps the only Royal Navy
battleship in history to refuse combat with an enemy battleship. There was
not a lot of adverse comment:, the untried condition of the Prince of Wales,
the fact that the Bismarck was accompanied by the powerful heavy cruiser
Prinz Eugen, and the eventual destruction of the Bismarck by other units of
the Royal Navy may have helped mute criticism. Joining Force Z was the
battle cruiser Repulse. Repulse had been built during the First World War,
but unlike many older ships she was very speedy. She was armed with 6 15"
guns. Her main defects were comparatively light armor, and a lack of anti-
aircraft weapons. She was already in the Indian Ocean on convoy duty. The
old battleship Revenge was also in the Indian Ocean, but was too slow to
keep up with Prince of Wales. The carrier Indomitable was supposed to be
part of the Force Z, but she accidentally grounded near Jamaica, and the
need for repairs made it impossible for her to arrive on time. No other
carrier could be spared, so none was sent. At that time the carrier Hermes
was operating in the Indian Ocean, and, in fact, crossed paths with the
Prince at Capetown. Hermes was an old ship, the first ship ever built as a
carrier, but she was quite fast and could have kept up with the battleships.
Her tiny and obsolescent air group could not have provided much protection
from Japanese bombers, but she would have given the task force much needed
reconnaissance capability. The failure to include her in Force Z was
probably a mistake, especially since she was pounced on and overwhelmed by
Japanese carrier aircraft near Ceylon the following year. Command of the
force was entrusted to Admiral Sir Tom Phillips. He was a very short man,
with a reputation for being opinionated and autocratic. He and General
Percival must have looked like Mutt and Jeff together. Phillips had very
little sea experience, having served most of the war in staff positions. His
orders were not specific. Churchill said later that his squadron was "....
sent to these waters to exercise that kind of vague menace which capital
ships of the highest quality whose whereabouts is unknown can impose on all
hostile naval calculations." However, the Japanese had a pretty good idea
where Force Z was, and Admiral Yamamoto ordered an additional 40 bombers to
southern Indochina to deal with it. Force Z arrived in Singapore on December
2, 1941. Prince of Wales immediately underwent boiler repairs, but waited a
week to inform the RAF that her surface radar was not working. It was not
until December 8th that technicians came aboard, and were unable to fix the
radar on short notice. Phillips himself flew to the Philippines on December
4th to confer with the Americans, and did not return to Singapore until
December 7th.
Unlike the navy, the army had a specific plan. It was called Operation
Matador. As soon as the Japanese invaded Thailand, units south of the border
would also enter Thailand and occupy a strategic position called the "Ledge
", where the road was cut through a high ridge. Unlike the Americans in
Hawaii, the RAAF was flying reconnaissance over the Gulf of Siam. About
midday on December 6th, they discovered the Japanese attack convoy, which
had left Hainan Island the day before. This would have been a good time to
sortie Force Z and start Operation Matador. But Admiral Phillips was still
in Manila, the Prince was not ready to sail, and Brooke-Popham was not
prepared to violate Thai neutrality until the Japanese did so. He did notify
London, which in turn notified Washington, but somehow the significance of
this Japanese convoy did not make it to Pearl Harbor.
At 4 AM on December 8th, local time, Japanese troops went ashore at Singora.
Colonel Tsuji, was there with the first wave. Because of the time
difference, this was actually a couple of hours before the attack on Pearl
Harbor, so this landing may be considered to have started what the Japanese
refer to as "The Pacific War". The Japanese had hoped that the Thais would
not resist, but the troops at Singora were met with machine gun fire, and
the first Japanese officer to enter Bangkok was pulled from his car and
killed by an angry mob. But soon elements of the Guards division were
marching into the city, and the Thai government accepted the inevitable.
First came the cease-fire, then an alliance with the Japanese. Although this
was extorted by force, Thailand did have strong irredentist feelings about
land in Malaya and Indochina, and hoped that the Japanese would help them to
recover it. By being a co-belligerent, Thailand was spared some of the
worst features of Japanese occupation. Thai military units did not do much
actual fighting.
Almost at the same time as the landing at Singora, Japanese troops came
ashore fifty miles south at Kota Bharu. They met a warm reception. The
British had prepared positions covering the airfield, and they resisted the
Japanese landings effectively. RAAF and RAF bombers attacked the transports
at low level, and in spite of having several aircraft shot down by anti-
aircraft fire, they sank one transport and set two others on fire. Now that
hostilities had definitely started, quick action was needed from Singapore.
But nothing much happened. General Percival found time to attend a meeting
of the Legislative Assembly in Kuala Lumpur, Brooke-Popham couldn't decide
whether Operation Matador was on or off, and Force Z was still at anchor. By
afternoon the Japanese had penetrated to the edge of the Kota Bharu
airfield against heavy resistance, and attacks by Japanese aircraft
operating from Indochina had made flight operations there impossible. At 6
PM British and Indian troops were ordered to retreat. The Japanese had
suffered about a thousand casualties, the British about five hundred. |
r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 4 Accession Number : ADA279593
Title : Bicycle Blitzkrieg: The Malayan Campaign and the Fall of Singapore
Descriptive Note : Final rept.
Corporate Author : NAVAL WAR COLL NEWPORT RI DEPT OF OPERATIONS
Personal Author(s) : Headrick, Alan C.
Handle / proxy Url : http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA279593
Report Date : 08 FEB 1994
Pagination or Media Count : 30
Abstract : Japan's December 1941- February 1942 invasion of Malaya and
culminating conquest of Singapore is analyzed from an operational
perspective. Although overshadowed by better known Pacific Theater actions
in World War II, the campaign was Japan's most successful example of joint
warfare and replete with lessons for the modern operational commander.
Approached from the level of the commander and staff, the background and
decision making processes are reviewed, with applicable areas identified for
today's leaders. The need for aggressive leadership, accurate intelligence,
flexible application of power, adjustment of force based on environmental
conditions, and the value of logistics are the major lessons from the
Japanese victory. Poor leadership and futility of trying to defend too much
are among those lessons from the defeated British.
Descriptors : *MILITARY FORCES(FOREIGN), *JAPAN, *SINGAPORE, *JOINT
MILITARY ACTIVITIES, MILITARY HISTORY, INTELLIGENCE, BACKGROUND, BALANCE OF
POWER, UNITED KINGDOM, MALAYA, STRATEGIC WARFARE, LESSONS LEARNED, LOGISTICS
MANAGEMENT, DECISION MAKING, LEADERSHIP
Subject Categories : MILITARY OPERATIONS, STRATEGY AND TACTICS
Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE |
M*V
发帖数: 3205 | 5 会不会是摩托车闪电战？
Navy.
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/articles/singapore.as
: Bicycle Blitzkreig
: The Japanese Conquest of Malaya and Singapore 1941-1942
: by Allen Parfitt
: On the first day of 1941 a bespectacled Japanese staff Colonel named Tsuji
: Masanobu reported to a modest building in Taipei. His job was to head a
: military small research department. The task of this unit of 30 officers,
: enlisted men and civilian workers was to plan a possible southward attack by
: the Japanese Army to conquer South Asia and the East Indies. As the year
: passed Colonel Tsuji himself began planning an attack on the British
|
r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 6 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5611171801000b8o.html
【二战回眸】太平洋战场之——“自行车闪击战”：日不落帝国如血残阳
【摘要】：日军为占有盛产石油的荷属东印度群岛(现印尼)，兵分两路进军新加坡，马
来半岛和新加坡共有约8.8万盟军部队，以及由“威尔士亲王”号战列舰、“反击”号
战列巡洋舰和护航舰只组成新太平洋舰队(Z舰队)，日军登陆一周，狮城陷落，“英国
史上最沉痛的浩劫，规模最大的投降，就在新加坡。”丘吉尔曾悲痛地指出。
山下奉文率领日本第25军在泰国南部的宋卡登陆，揭开了马来亚战役的序幕
大英帝国的远东之盾
帝国的夕阳之下，稀松的几艘驱逐舰安静地停在有着“狮城”美誉的新加坡章宜海
军基地巨大的船坞中，不远处的高地上威严耸立着一群群的炮台，十五英寸的巨炮指向
大海，充分显示着帝国的实力。三三两两的水兵悠闲地穿梭在炮台之间，但不知道他们
有没有注意到：这些大炮无法转向后方。
马来半岛为太平洋和印度洋的分界线，称为“远东直布罗陀”的新加坡更是扼守着
太平洋与印度洋之间航运要道马六甲海峡的出入口，也是阻挡日军夺取荷属东印度(现
印尼)石油的天然屏障。大英帝国已经在新加坡经营多年，其章宜海军基地更是规模不
凡。但二战开战后，英国已无余力顾及这块属地，在新加坡的部署已降到了最低的程度。
1941年下半年，德军转向东线进攻苏联，大英帝国本土所受的压力已逐渐减少，同
时日本南下太平洋的意图日趋明显。丘吉尔决定派遣“威尔士亲王”号战列舰、“反击
”号战列巡洋舰和护航舰只组成新太平洋舰队(Z舰队)奔赴远东。12月4日，Z舰队达到
新加坡。Z舰队也就是防守新加坡的海军全部主力。这时马来半岛和新加坡陆军部队共
有约8.8万，由英国、澳大利亚、印度和马来军组成，帕西瓦尔中将负责指挥陆军。空
军有约150架老式飞机，如美国淘汰的F2水牛式战斗机。
日军登陆后，分兵沿马来半岛东西两岸向南疾进。
“膏药旗”下的大和之矛
日军的实际战略目标是盛产石油的荷属东印度群岛(现印尼)，袭击珍珠港也只是战
略支援任务。为取得荷属东印度，必需要经过英属的马来半岛。日军对马来半岛的进攻
兵分两路：一是由陆路在太平洋战争爆发之前已经进占印支南部的近卫师团，从陆上进
入泰国，占领曼谷后，沿马来半岛南下；另一路由海上，由山下奉文中将率领的第5和
第18师团，分批从海上登陆。为了支援登陆行动，日本海军以小泽治三郎海军中将指挥
的南遣马来舰队负责掩护，辖有重巡洋舰5艘、轻巡洋舰4艘以及护卫舰只。
Z舰队到达新加坡的那一天是1941年12月4日，日本登陆舰队浩浩荡荡的从海南三亚
启航，向马来半岛进发。
12月6日登陆舰队转向西北，佯装开往曼谷，声称要切断印度与中国之间的运输线。
12月7日上午，英军侦察机发现日军舰船，英军判断日军将先在泰国登陆。其实，
这支登陆输送队于7日12时已突然转向，分兵数路，驶往哥打巴鲁（马来）、北大年（
泰国）和宋卡（泰国）。
1941年12月8日凌晨1时45分，入侵舰队的南路5千多名日军在4艘驱逐舰交叉火力的
掩护下在哥打巴鲁登陆。
与此同时，4500海里以外的珍珠港以北，突袭机群正在准备起飞。
两个小时后，日本登陆部队，击退了哥打巴鲁的守军，控制了第一个滩头堡，珍珠
港的突袭机群也飞临美太平洋舰队上空。随后宋卡和北大年的登陆部队也成功地守住了
阵地。各地的登陆部队上岸后，迅速抢占附近的机场。
8日天明后，日军航空兵对马来半岛尚未被其地面部队占领的机场和新加坡航空基
地进行多次空袭，大英帝国的空军已损失殆尽。
帕瓦西尔将军
帝国海军“Z舰队”的覆没
12月8日中午，非利普斯中将在“威尔上亲王”号闷热的作战室中踱着步，他意识
到z舰队的战略威慑任务已不短存在了，尽管号称“小拿破仑”的非利普斯中将的一个
强烈的信念是“轰炸机不是战列舰的对手”，但z舰队也不能在港口中等着敌人空袭。
他简述了其作战计划：黄昏时起航，摧毁宋卡的日军滩头堡。
黄昏，太阳已从新加坡这座帝国城市后面慢慢滑落，忙碌了一天的樟宜海军基地终
于平静下来。17肘30分，“威尔士亲王”号缓缓收起了锚链，与“反击”号一起在“伊
莱科特拉”号、“快速”号、“特内多斯”号和“吸血鬼”号4艘驱逐舰的护卫下静静
驶出柔佛海峡。舰桥上菲利普斯中将第一次对将要执行的使命流露出一丝不安，因为对
于z舰队将从哪个何方向航行，他也没有明确的把握，但这种不安并没有传到水兵中间
。当“反击”号舰长坦南特大声地宣布“我们要出去自找麻烦”的时候，水兵们高声欢
呼起来。
12月9日，早晨天气开始恶化，空中积满了厚厚的云，时而下起小雨，但这正是Z舰
队的好天气。为避开日军潜艇，2舰队选择了东北绕航，上午借着天气的掩护，Z舰队已
经绕过了亚南巴斯群岛，继续向北航行。
正午十分，担负侦察任务的皇家空军的水上飞机传来经过证实的报告，日军又在宋
卡北面登陆。菲利普斯满怀信心地命令舰队向西航行，因为他估计z舰队最多不过遇到
日军老式的战列巡洋舰。事实也是如此，掩护登陆的日军小泽治三郎的马来舰队最大的
舰也只有巡洋舰。
下午3时，Z舰队被日潜艇“伊—65”发现了。随后，几乎像6个月前皇家海军追踪
德舰“俾斯麦”号一样，一场大规模的海、空搜索开始了，只是这次“威尔士亲王”号
从猎手变成了猎物。由7艘巡洋舰和2艘战列舰组成的日军近藤舰队迅速南下支援，但实
际上这一舰队并不能及时截击到Z舰队。而截击Z舰队的任务不经意地落在于西贡的日军
航空兵上。当潜艇的报告传到西贡机场时，虽然天色将晚，但53架轰炸机还是奉命起飞
了。
黄昏的海面，波光鳞鳞，有一架日机发现海面上出现几道光的军舰航迹，立即召唤
其他飞机前来攻击。他们在投弹的瞬间发现，那是小泽编队的几艘军舰。为了不误击己
舰，日军指挥部命令，出击各部在天朗之前停止搜索与攻击。
日蒋前，“威尔士亲王”号又被臼本的侦察机发现，但夜幕降临，日机已无法实施
攻击了。
20时15分，菲利普斯确信Z舰队已被发现，突袭任务难以完成，遂令舰队向南返航
。就像命中注定z舰队要无功而返似的，如果舰队晚转向几分钟，那么一队小泽的巡洋
舰就会驶入“威尔士亲王”号14英寸舰炮的射程内。
同一个晚上的伦敦，丘吉尔和顾问们正进行着激烈的讨论，议题就是：大英帝国在
远东的惟一的关键武器z舰队既然已失去了威慑作用，该如何处置?丘吉尔建议将其派去
加强美国太平洋舰队，庞德海军中将想把这些军舰凋回大西洋。大家没有达成一致意见
。丘吉尔后来回忆到：“由于夜色已深，我们决定将问题留在明天解决。”然而，当伦
敦天明的时候，问题已经不复存在了。
日军飞机攻击下的Z舰队，最近处为迅捷号，往远处依次为反击号和威尔士亲王号
日军攻击下的反击号（下）和威尔士亲王号
12月10日凌晨，Z舰队又接到未经证实的情报：日军在关丹登陆，舰队又转向关丹
。同时，日潜艇“伊-58”号电发现z舰队，并向其中的“反击”号发射5枚鱼雷，均未
命中。随后2舰队甩开了潜艇的追逐，奔赴关丹。
清晨天气转晴，云雾消散，Z舰队的运气电随天上云雾一样消散了。忙碌了大半宿
的日空军第22航空队并没有休息，6时25分，太阳刚刚飘出地平线，西贡基地9架侦察机
立即起飞7时55分到9时30分，59架九六式陆攻机(25架装91式鱼雷，24架装500公斤炸弹
)和26架一式陆攻机(全部装鱼雷)起飞搜索2舰队。
早10时，2舰队已驶近关丹，“快速”号驱逐舰对关丹港进行了仔细侦察后，认定
“一切就像一个下雨的星期天下午一样平静”，实际上日军并没有在关丹登陆，情报来
自一头水牛蹋响了海滩上的地雷。
随后，菲利普斯中将命令舰队继续向北搜索日军，这是一个轻率的决定。11时45分
，一架日机终于发现了Z舰队，其后，日机各中队向2舰队扑来。日军壹歧春大尉率领的
轰炸机首先扑向了“反击”号。
9架日本飞机在明媚的阳光下看起来一清二楚，它们排成一排在1000英尺的空中径
直朝着英舰一头俯冲下来，而英舰的高射炮则立即开火回击。就在第一批飞机即将撤离
的时候，一枚炸弹落在离“反击”号很近的海面上，瞅起来的水柱，把甲板打湿了。与
此同时另一枚炸弹穿透舰载飞机的弹射甲板在甲板下面的机库里爆炸了。
随后，鱼雷机进入了战场。“它们就像一群狼围住了两只大熊，先头只在远处的空
中盘旋，并不急于扑过来，但扑过来时总是选择最难对付的角度。一架鱼雷机直截了当
地朝着英舰俯冲了过来，飞行高度离水面不过600英尺，它在距舰队500英尺处丢下一枚
鱼雷，接着来了一个侧身飞，于是，它的侧翼统统暴露在英舰的炮口下。这架飞机没有
来得及飞开，就以优雅的姿势，一头向海里栽了下去。舰上除14英寸的主炮外所有的火
炮都在喷火，炮声震耳欲聋，无烟火药的气味令人窒息，炸弹的爆炸声简直能撕裂耳膜
，海面上激起的水柱没头没脸地泼在人们身上。突然一位军官叫道：“瞧，鱼雷过来了
！”
危急中，“反击”号舰长坦南特亲自驾舰进行闪避，并躲过了10枚以上的鱼雷。在
此紧急时刻，他不得已打破无线电的静默，将z舰队遭受攻击的噩耗发回新加坡基地。
Z舰队终于厄运难逃，日军22航空队的架飞机用2个小时干净利落地将“威尔士亲王
”号和“反击号”击沉，远东海军主力不复存在了。
“自行车闪电战”
由山下奉文将军率领的登陆部队——第5师团、第18师团均为日军的精锐部队。其
主力从宋卡、北大年等地登陆，而后向马来半岛西南穿插，然后沿西海岸向南推进。牵
制分队从哥打巴鲁登陆，而后从马来半岛东海岸南下。两股日军在轻型坦克和空军的支
援下隆隆南下，多数日军备有自行车。
12月11日，由英军希思将军指挥的印度第十一师首先和日军交火，尽管印度军队在
数量有三比一的优势，但部队训练很差，装备处于略势，“军官与士兵的团结意识又几
乎等于零”，所以这样一支军队与日军对抗其结果是可想而知的。
12月19日日军西路部队分队占领了槟榔屿上的英空军基地，消除了英联邦军队从印
度、缅甸方向对马来半岛守军进行空中支援的可能性。西路主力沿西海岸急速南下。
1942年1月6日东路部队攻占关丹，然后向柔佛州前进。
1942年1月11日西路部队攻进马来亚首府吉隆坡，然后继续前进。
“失败的阴影象瘟疫一样在英军中蔓延，而且撤退很快就变得无法控制，越来越多
的装备落在日军手中。日本空军可以在英国的机场装上英国的燃料往英国的阵地上投英
国的炸弹。日本步兵骑着自行车紧紧追赶撤退的英联军，他们三人一排，又说又笑，好
象是去看足球比赛。数以百计的车轮汇成嘈杂一片，溃退的印度军队惊恐万分，以为是
坦克在追赶他们。”
马来半岛灼热的路面令自行车车胎很快爆裂，日军士兵干脆剥去橡胶胎，只用钢圈
骑行，数千辆这样的自行车发出的响声确实有点象坦克。
1942年1月下旬，英军增援部队运抵新加坡，其中包括英军第18师和50架飓风战斗
机。由于马来半岛大部分已失守，前者已来不及运往前线；而由于训练和装备问题，后
者在与零式战斗机的交锋中又一败涂地。1月25日，帕西瓦尔将军已下令向新加坡作最
后的撤退。
2月1日，英军炸毁了连接新加坡与柔佛州的一千余米长的海峡堤坝，新加坡成了一
座真正的岛屿。
1942年2月15日，防守新加坡的英军无条件投降。
新加坡的陷落
“比圣诞节布丁里的葡萄还要多的大炮是会守得住新加坡的”，一家澳大利亚报纸
如此生动地打消了读者对新加坡前途的忧虑。
但按照丘吉尔的话就是“新加坡没有陆地防御，等于一艘没有底的战舰可以航行！
”。新加坡的防御是针对海上进攻的，岸炮只有极少数可以作大角度旋转，所以对付后
面的登陆毫无用处。此时新加坡还有英、澳、印联军约8万人，粮食弹药虽较为充足，
但是士兵士气低落，无制空、制海权。
整修一周后，后来被誉为“马来虎”的山下奉文向“狮城”发出了致命的吼声。
日军在马来半岛
42年2月8日晨，日军炮兵和航空兵对新加坡岛上的火炮阵地、机场等设施进行了猛
烈轰炸。随后，近卫师团在新加坡东北角的开阔地带佯装登陆，使守卫在东北部的英军
主力第18师不能向其他处调动。
2月8日夜，日军主力第5和第18师团乘冲锋舟在长堤以西灌木和沼泽地登陆，守在
这里的是疲惫不堪且疏于防范的澳大利亚军。日军登陆后，着手建立并巩固登陆场，随
后近卫师团也向西转移并在登陆场登陆。日军3个精锐师团并肩向南推进。
至2月14日，日军先后占领了提马高地、因保丁水库和加兰机场等要地，并对城区
造成三面包围之势，同时加紧空袭。
2月15日，在日军登陆一周后，帕西瓦尔签定了无条件投降书，这座“东方第一坚
城”落入日军之手。
“英国史上最沉痛的浩劫，规模最大的投降，就在新加坡。”丘吉尔曾悲痛地指出。
帕西瓦尔用了9周的时间最终将大英帝国苦心经营的狮城交给了日本帝国，其中战
略处于被动当然是主要原因，但防御战术的失误也不可忽视的。英国并没有放弃新加坡
，但新加坡仍在被困一周后失守，从这一点说来，帕西瓦尔要比防守菲律宾的麦克阿瑟
差好多。
战争就象一场赌博，只是没有赌博那么目的明确。帕西瓦尔在投降前的最后一刻还
是有胜利的机会，只是他没有敢于下那么大的赌注。因为，就象山下奉文所说的“敌人
也很困难”，言外之意，也就说日军也很困难。随后，日军举行了独特的受降仪式：让
数万名战俘战站在道路的两边迎接高奏凯歌的日军进城。但是这些人中的大部分人看到
了战争的结束，这要比守卫菲律宾的美军战俘要幸运。日军投降时，代表英国签字的也
是刚从战俘营中出来的帕西瓦尔，或许这就是放弃的意义。
马来半岛陷落后，通向荷属东印度的大门也就敞开了一半，另一半就是麦克阿瑟驻
守的吕宋岛菲律宾。 |
M*V
发帖数: 3205 | 7 md
果然是摩托车啊，什么自行车闪电战，你跟那个常凯申教受有一拼
Navy.
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/articles/singapore.as
: Bicycle Blitzkreig
: The Japanese Conquest of Malaya and Singapore 1941-1942
: by Allen Parfitt
: On the first day of 1941 a bespectacled Japanese staff Colonel named Tsuji
: Masanobu reported to a modest building in Taipei. His job was to head a
: military small research department. The task of this unit of 30 officers,
: enlisted men and civilian workers was to plan a possible southward attack by
: the Japanese Army to conquer South Asia and the East Indies. As the year
: passed Colonel Tsuji himself began planning an attack on the British
|
M*V
发帖数: 3205 | 8 谁mtd的翻译的，是摩托车！！！！
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5611171801000b8o.html
: 【二战回眸】太平洋战场之——“自行车闪击战”：日不落帝国如血残阳
: 【摘要】：日军为占有盛产石油的荷属东印度群岛(现印尼)，兵分两路进军新加坡，马
: 来半岛和新加坡共有约8.8万盟军部队，以及由“威尔士亲王”号战列舰、“反击”号
: 战列巡洋舰和护航舰只组成新太平洋舰队(Z舰队)，日军登陆一周，狮城陷落，“英国
: 史上最沉痛的浩劫，规模最大的投降，就在新加坡。”丘吉尔曾悲痛地指出。
: 山下奉文率领日本第25军在泰国南部的宋卡登陆，揭开了马来亚战役的序幕
: 大英帝国的远东之盾
: 帝国的夕阳之下，稀松的几艘驱逐舰安静地停在有着“狮城”美誉的新加坡章宜海
: 军基地巨大的船坞中，不远处的高地上威严耸立着一群群的炮台，十五英寸的巨炮指向
|
r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 9 谁说没有灰机坦克就不能打闪击战……
自行车闪击廉价效果还好…… 当然是对当时的东南亚杂牌军而言…… = =
选自 约翰·科斯特洛 ——《太平洋战争》 |
r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 10 日本人已经在泰国边境集结军队，威胁着缅甸和至关重要的缅滇公路，蒋介石要求
对日本展开联合作战。当韦维尔将军试图为他的美英荷澳联军司令部建立一个切实可行
的机构的时候，满足蒋介石的这个要求只是摆在他面前的许多棘手问题之一。他正在集
中精力处理最紧迫的任务：调集所有的人力物力来避免马来亚面临的军事灾难，可是，
遥远的距离和不方便的交通妨碍了同盟国。他的参谋长亨利·波纳尔将军在视察前线的
则候，对印度军队士气低落的状况大吃一惊，这些军队正在挖壕同守，再次试图将日军
阻止在仕林河，这条河是保卫通往吉隆坡的公路的天然防线，也是守住南方的机场的关
键，运送增援部队的护航船队要想免遭猛烈的轰炸袭击，就必须守住这些机场。在马来
亚东海岸，另一个日本步兵旅增援了帝国禁卫军，禁卫军正在南进以占领关丹简易机场
，而且离新加坡不远了。
要想守住新加坡，必须制止仓皇撤退。但是象斯潘塞。查普曼那样的野战指挥官
已经怀疑他们的士气低落的印度士兵是否拥有在森林战斗中打败日本人的能力。“我们
前线部队的士兵现在装备得象圣诞树，笨重的靴子、布制子弹袋、背包、干粮袋、水壶
、毯子、防潮铺布，甚至还有厚大衣和防毒面具，他们走路已很艰难，打仗就更不用说
了。”噪大佐很有远见，帝国士兵一身轻巧的夏装，他们受过严格的丛林战训练，丛林
现在反而帮了他们的忙。
一九四二年一月五日，日军优势再次显示出来。那一天，他们遇到印度第十二师
。该师奉命构筑阵地，守卫仕林河前面的一个公路铁路交叉口。第一次进攻被打退了，
但在第二天晚上，前来刺探的敌军坦克沿着一条废道从后面包围了阵地，“钩住了””
印度军队。黎明时分，印度军队又一次仓皇奔逃，日本步兵骑着自行车紧追不舍。斯潘
塞·查普曼躲在路边浓密的树丛里，注视着敌军向马来亚首都的方向突破。“多数人骑
着自行车，三人一排，共有四、五十排，他们又说又笑，好象去看足球比赛。山下将军
的步兵一天可前进二十英里，烈日当空，骄阳似火，车胎都要爆裂了，他的士兵照样蹬
车。数以百计的轮耦卡咯作响，汇成一般嘈杂的声音，溃逃的印度军队惊恐万分，以为
是坦克在追赶他们。枪支弹药和其他装备又一次落入敌人手中，敌人增添了这些装备，
马上加快了进军的速度。山下现在可以很有把握地命令手下的指挥官，依靠敌人的给养。
盟军在仕林河遭到失败的那一天，韦维尔将军在前往爪哇建立美英荷澳四国最高
司令部的途中到达新加坡。他在视察了前方地域以后，意识到日军在开阔地带将会加快
进攻速度，使希思将军没有机会集中溃散的印度师来进行另一次抵抗，除非他们后撤一
百英里退到柔佛州。琅西瓦尔将军说，他的下级未能阻止敌人的进攻是因为“部队极度
疲劳”。为了使他们有时间恢复疲劳，重新集结部队，新加坡司令部命令他们一直撤退
到柔佛州境内二十英里远的双溪麻坡河防线。这是越过海峡撤退到新加坡之前的最后一
道天然屏障。戈登·贝内特将军奉命以澳大利亚第八师的一个旅增援前线，剩下的部队
准备整好队伍，守卫从丰盛港至南面联接新加坡岛的海峡堤道的公路。 |
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r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 11 人家英美史学家都承认了是bicycle
【在 M*V 的大作中提到】
: 谁mtd的翻译的，是摩托车！！！！
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D****u
发帖数: 3217 | 12 打轻点儿
要不然肉肉知道了,会心疼.
【在 M*V 的大作中提到】
: md
: 果然是摩托车啊，什么自行车闪电战，你跟那个常凯申教受有一拼
:
: Navy.
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M*V
发帖数: 3205 | 13 bicycle英语就是摩托车摆脱！！！！
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 人家英美史学家都承认了是bicycle
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r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | |
M*V
发帖数: 3205 | |
D****u
发帖数: 3217 | 16 motorized bicycle
bicycle是指两轮车.不一定是人力驱动两轮车,
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 人家英美史学家都承认了是bicycle
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r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 17 德军用的摩托，日军比较穷，只能骑自行车。但是bicycle英语里肯定不是单指摩托排
除自行车的。
【在 M*V 的大作中提到】
: http://www.motorcycle.com/events/bikes-of-the-blitzkrieg-66581.
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M*V
发帖数: 3205 | 18 一般值摩托
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 德军用的摩托，日军比较穷，只能骑自行车。但是bicycle英语里肯定不是单指摩托排
: 除自行车的。
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r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 19 那自行车怎么说？
【在 M*V 的大作中提到】
: 一般值摩托
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r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 20 用bicycle 做google搜索，出来的都是自行车啊。
【在 M*V 的大作中提到】
: 一般值摩托
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r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 21 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle
A bicycle, also known as a bike, pushbike or cycle, is a human-powered,
pedal-driven,single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame,
one behind the other. A person who rides a bicycle is called a cyclist or a
bicyclist. |
r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 22 默认是指自行车，非人力驱动的要加motorized bicycle。
【在 D****u 的大作中提到】
: motorized bicycle
: bicycle是指两轮车.不一定是人力驱动两轮车,
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M*V
发帖数: 3205 | 23 我又看了一下，德国和日本都是用的bicycle这个词。
德国的bicycle是摩托的。
日本应该是自行车。
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 用bicycle 做google搜索，出来的都是自行车啊。
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M*V
发帖数: 3205 | 24 英语口语里，bike就是值魔托
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 默认是指自行车，非人力驱动的要加motorized bicycle。
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b*****e
发帖数: 5476 | 25 山下将军的步兵一天可前进二十英里
～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～
飞夺泸定桥一天120公里岂不成了人肉闪击战，呵呵 |
r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 26 你这个没有持续性。就像朝战共军也和英美交过手，人家可没把共军攻势叫做什么中国
闪击战或者步兵闪击战，而是叫礼拜攻势和人海战术。
【在 b*****e 的大作中提到】
: 山下将军的步兵一天可前进二十英里
: ～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～
: 飞夺泸定桥一天120公里岂不成了人肉闪击战，呵呵
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r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 27 那么请教，英语口语里自行车该怎么说？
【在 M*V 的大作中提到】
: 英语口语里，bike就是值魔托
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M*V
发帖数: 3205 | 28 The constant pressure and relentless pursuit was psychologically devastating
to the defenders; a true blitzkrieg --- Japanese-style.
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 你这个没有持续性。就像朝战共军也和英美交过手，人家可没把共军攻势叫做什么中国
: 闪击战或者步兵闪击战，而是叫礼拜攻势和人海战术。
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M*V
发帖数: 3205 | 29 也这么说
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 那么请教，英语口语里自行车该怎么说？
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M*V
发帖数: 3205 | 30 这个闪电战就是个戏语。
根本不是真正的闪电战。
devastating
【在 M*V 的大作中提到】
: The constant pressure and relentless pursuit was psychologically devastating
: to the defenders; a true blitzkrieg --- Japanese-style.
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e**o
发帖数: 6038 | 31 共军也没说自己是闪击战
腿肚子跑出来的闪击什么啊
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 你这个没有持续性。就像朝战共军也和英美交过手，人家可没把共军攻势叫做什么中国
: 闪击战或者步兵闪击战，而是叫礼拜攻势和人海战术。
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M*V
发帖数: 3205 | 32 日本那个也不是闪电战
The constant pressure and relentless pursuit was psychologically devastating
to the defenders; a true blitzkrieg --- Japanese-style.
【在 e**o 的大作中提到】
: 共军也没说自己是闪击战
: 腿肚子跑出来的闪击什么啊
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r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 33 对呀，没错。共军的攻势和日军比起来差远了。最多就是礼拜攻势而已。
devastating
【在 M*V 的大作中提到】
: The constant pressure and relentless pursuit was psychologically devastating
: to the defenders; a true blitzkrieg --- Japanese-style.
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e**o
发帖数: 6038 | 34 应该问问摩托怎么说
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 那么请教，英语口语里自行车该怎么说？
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e**o
发帖数: 6038 | 35 能比走路快点的
还得赶上有路德地方
devastating
【在 M*V 的大作中提到】
: 日本那个也不是闪电战
: The constant pressure and relentless pursuit was psychologically devastating
: to the defenders; a true blitzkrieg --- Japanese-style.
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r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 36 人家说了摩托叫bicycle
【在 e**o 的大作中提到】
: 应该问问摩托怎么说
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e**o
发帖数: 6038 | 37 装备也不是一个等级上的
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 对呀，没错。共军的攻势和日军比起来差远了。最多就是礼拜攻势而已。
:
: devastating
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e**o
发帖数: 6038 | 38 难道不是Motorcycle?
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 人家说了摩托叫bicycle
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r********o
发帖数: 1789 | |
N*****m
发帖数: 42603 | 40 bike
【在 e**o 的大作中提到】
: 难道不是Motorcycle?
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r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 41 日军海空军强点，步兵装备差不太多。
【在 e**o 的大作中提到】
: 装备也不是一个等级上的
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t*******y
发帖数: 2432 | 42 http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/PTO/RisingSun/BicycleBlitz/inde
something amusing
"13. An interesting additional benefit to the use of bicycles was their
deceptive nature: "When the enemy were being hotly pursued, and time was
pressing, punctured tires were taken off and the bicycles ridden on the rims
. Numbers of bicycles, some with tires and some without, when passing along
the road, made a noise resembling that of tanks. At night when such bicycle
units advanced the enemy frequently retreated hurriedly, saying, 'Here come
the tanks! It is the tanks, it is the tanks!'" Ibid., pp. 183-184. " |
e**o
发帖数: 6038 | 43 至少还有火炮和三八大干
共军就得靠抢的
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 日军海空军强点，步兵装备差不太多。
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e**o
发帖数: 6038 | 44 晕倒
难道这个是书面语也这么说？
那英语也忒不严格了吧
【在 N*****m 的大作中提到】
: bike
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t*******y
发帖数: 2432 | 45 motorcycle or motorbike
【在 e**o 的大作中提到】
: 晕倒
: 难道这个是书面语也这么说？
: 那英语也忒不严格了吧
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b*****e
发帖数: 5476 | 46 长征走了一年有持续性没？最少的也认为红一走了6000公里吧，每天20公里，考虑刀翻了不少山，不比山下的部队每天20英里差啊，呵呵
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 你这个没有持续性。就像朝战共军也和英美交过手，人家可没把共军攻势叫做什么中国
: 闪击战或者步兵闪击战，而是叫礼拜攻势和人海战术。
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e**o
发帖数: 6038 | 47 而且还得打仗，过沼泽，过雪山的
行军的话，一天走出50公里不是问题
十来个小时就行了
【在 b*****e 的大作中提到】
: 长征走了一年有持续性没？最少的也认为红一走了6000公里吧，每天20公里，考虑刀翻了不少山，不比山下的部队每天20英里差啊，呵呵
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r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 48 长征是闪击战？还是长途逃窜？
翻了不少山，不比山下的部队每天20英里差啊，呵呵
【在 b*****e 的大作中提到】
: 长征走了一年有持续性没？最少的也认为红一走了6000公里吧，每天20公里，考虑刀翻了不少山，不比山下的部队每天20英里差啊，呵呵
|
b*****e
发帖数: 5476 | 49 随你咋说，反正没少打仗吧
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 长征是闪击战？还是长途逃窜？
:
: 翻了不少山，不比山下的部队每天20英里差啊，呵呵
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r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 50 朝鲜的志愿军步兵装备并不比二战日军差。火炮和三八大干一样不缺。
【在 e**o 的大作中提到】
: 至少还有火炮和三八大干
: 共军就得靠抢的
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r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 51 那是逃窜，不是进攻。
【在 b*****e 的大作中提到】
: 随你咋说，反正没少打仗吧
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b*****e
发帖数: 5476 | 52 没进攻啊，呵呵
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 那是逃窜，不是进攻。
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e**o
发帖数: 6038 | 53 朝鲜战场干什么跟日军比呢
为什么不是跟当时的美军比啊
按你的说法，现在利比亚的装备比二战时期的日军强多了
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 朝鲜的志愿军步兵装备并不比二战日军差。火炮和三八大干一样不缺。
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r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 54 bicycle或者motorcycle都可以简称bike
Bike may refer to:
The abbreviation for either bicycle or motorcycle
【在 N*****m 的大作中提到】
: bike
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i******s
发帖数: 8734 | 55 人说了飞夺泸定桥是假的
【在 b*****e 的大作中提到】
: 山下将军的步兵一天可前进二十英里
: ～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～
: 飞夺泸定桥一天120公里岂不成了人肉闪击战，呵呵
|
r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 56 因为英美军在太平洋和日军交手了，把日军攻势称为自行车闪击战。同样也和志愿军在
朝鲜交手了，没把志愿军攻势称为步兵闪击战之类的，而是叫作礼拜攻势和人海战术。
【在 e**o 的大作中提到】
: 朝鲜战场干什么跟日军比呢
: 为什么不是跟当时的美军比啊
: 按你的说法，现在利比亚的装备比二战时期的日军强多了
|
b*****e
发帖数: 5476 | 57 英军在法国和马来西亚都大败于闪击战，特有面子，虽败犹荣啊，呵呵
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 因为英美军在太平洋和日军交手了，把日军攻势称为自行车闪击战。同样也和志愿军在
: 朝鲜交手了，没把志愿军攻势称为步兵闪击战之类的，而是叫作礼拜攻势和人海战术。
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r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 58 那是286亲口对布热津斯基承认的。
【在 i******s 的大作中提到】
: 人说了飞夺泸定桥是假的
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e**o
发帖数: 6038 | 59 逻辑依然很混乱
日军在中国大陆的战争的确是闪电战的一种
但是靠自行车显然不靠谱
基本上是摩托化部队，还有运兵车什么的
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 因为英美军在太平洋和日军交手了，把日军攻势称为自行车闪击战。同样也和志愿军在
: 朝鲜交手了，没把志愿军攻势称为步兵闪击战之类的，而是叫作礼拜攻势和人海战术。
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b*****e
发帖数: 5476 | 60 286还说过，长征就是跟着走，呵呵
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 那是286亲口对布热津斯基承认的。
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i******s
发帖数: 8734 | 61 志愿军是和２ 站时的日军打仗？
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 朝鲜的志愿军步兵装备并不比二战日军差。火炮和三八大干一样不缺。
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e**o
发帖数: 6038 | 62 穿越十年而已
【在 i******s 的大作中提到】
: 志愿军是和２ 站时的日军打仗？
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r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 63 说的是日军攻略马来亚新加坡就使用的自行车闪击战啊。跟日军在中国怎么打的无关。
【在 e**o 的大作中提到】
: 逻辑依然很混乱
: 日军在中国大陆的战争的确是闪电战的一种
: 但是靠自行车显然不靠谱
: 基本上是摩托化部队，还有运兵车什么的
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r*****y
发帖数: 53800 | 64 对手都是美军。
【在 i******s 的大作中提到】
: 志愿军是和２ 站时的日军打仗？
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b*****e
发帖数: 5476 | 65 你那自行车战对手是美军啊
【在 r*****y 的大作中提到】
: 对手都是美军。
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